ImportError：模块“whitenoise.middleware”未定义“WhiteNoiseMiddleWare”属性/类

Question

在我的 django 应用程序中，白噪声通过以下方式作用：

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleWare',

和

STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage'

我正在将一个 django 应用程序部署到 heroku。我收到以下错误。白噪声安装成功。

[2018-03-27 01:38:12 +0000] [9] [ERROR] Exception in worker process

ImportError: Module "whitenoise.middleware" does not define a "WhiteNoiseMiddleWare" attribute/class

下面是我的堆栈跟踪。我包括完整的堆栈跟踪，以便可以了解完整的情况。事实上，我不确定现在发生了什么，而且相当令人沮丧。 Heroku 整天都在和我打架。

File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 244, in handle_chld
2018-03-27T01:38:04.953208+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.reap_workers()
2018-03-27T01:38:04.953232+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 524, in reap_workers
2018-03-27T01:38:04.953390+00:00 app[web.1]:     raise HaltServer(reason, self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
2018-03-27T01:38:04.953555+00:00 app[web.1]: gunicorn.errors.HaltServer: <HaltServer 'Worker failed to boot.' 3>
2018-03-27T01:38:05.121702+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed
2018-03-27T01:38:05.123683+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from crashed to starting
2018-03-27T01:38:05.074667+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 1
2018-03-27T01:38:10.266716+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `gunicorn suitsandtables.wsgi`
2018-03-27T01:38:11.983802+00:00 app[web.1]: [2018-03-27 01:38:11 +0000] [4] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.7.1
2018-03-27T01:38:11.984195+00:00 app[web.1]: [2018-03-27 01:38:11 +0000] [4] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:22820 (4)
2018-03-27T01:38:11.989226+00:00 app[web.1]: [2018-03-27 01:38:11 +0000] [9] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 9
2018-03-27T01:38:11.984378+00:00 app[web.1]: [2018-03-27 01:38:11 +0000] [4] [INFO] Using worker: sync
2018-03-27T01:38:12.228871+00:00 app[web.1]:   """)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.085054+00:00 app[web.1]: [2018-03-27 01:38:12 +0000] [11] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 11
2018-03-27T01:38:12.228867+00:00 app[web.1]: /app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py:144: UserWarning: The psycopg2 wheel package will be renamed from release 2.8; in order to keep installing from binary please use "pip install psycopg2-binary" instead. For details see: <http://initd.org/psycopg/docs/install.html#binary-install-from-pypi>.
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322208+00:00 app[web.1]: [2018-03-27 01:38:12 +0000] [9] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322248+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322251+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 578, in spawn_worker
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322253+00:00 app[web.1]:     worker.init_process()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322255+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 126, in init_process
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322257+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.load_wsgi()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322258+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 135, in load_wsgi
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322260+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322262+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322264+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.callable = self.load()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322265+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322267+00:00 app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322268+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322270+00:00 app[web.1]:     return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322272+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 352, in import_app
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322273+00:00 app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322275+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/suitsandtables/wsgi.py", line 18, in <module>
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322277+00:00 app[web.1]:     application = get_wsgi_application()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322280+00:00 app[web.1]:     return WSGIHandler()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322279+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322282+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 151, in __init__
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322283+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.load_middleware()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322285+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 80, in load_middleware
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322287+00:00 app[web.1]:     middleware = import_string(middleware_path)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322289+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/module_loading.py", line 27, in import_string
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322291+00:00 app[web.1]:     six.reraise(ImportError, ImportError(msg), sys.exc_info()[2])
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322292+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/module_loading.py", line 23, in import_string
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322294+00:00 app[web.1]:     return getattr(module, class_name)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322296+00:00 app[web.1]: ImportError: Module "whitenoise.middleware" does not define a "WhiteNoiseMiddleWare" attribute/class
2018-03-27T01:38:12.322297+00:00 app[web.1]: [2018-03-27 01:38:12 +0000] [9] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 9)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.334355+00:00 app[web.1]: /app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py:144: UserWarning: The psycopg2 wheel package will be renamed from release 2.8; in order to keep installing from binary please use "pip install psycopg2-binary" instead. For details see: <http://initd.org/psycopg/docs/install.html#binary-install-from-pypi>.
2018-03-27T01:38:12.334361+00:00 app[web.1]:   """)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428859+00:00 app[web.1]: [2018-03-27 01:38:12 +0000] [11] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428864+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428874+00:00 app[web.1]:     worker.init_process()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428869+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 578, in spawn_worker
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428876+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 126, in init_process
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428878+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.load_wsgi()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428879+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 135, in load_wsgi
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428881+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428884+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428885+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.callable = self.load()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428887+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428889+00:00 app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428891+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428892+00:00 app[web.1]:     return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428894+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 352, in import_app
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428896+00:00 app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428898+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/suitsandtables/wsgi.py", line 18, in <module>
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428900+00:00 app[web.1]:     application = get_wsgi_application()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428901+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428903+00:00 app[web.1]:     return WSGIHandler()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428904+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 151, in __init__
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428906+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.load_middleware()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428911+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 80, in load_middleware
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428913+00:00 app[web.1]:     middleware = import_string(middleware_path)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428914+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/module_loading.py", line 27, in import_string
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428916+00:00 app[web.1]:     six.reraise(ImportError, ImportError(msg), sys.exc_info()[2])
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428918+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/module_loading.py", line 23, in import_string
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428919+00:00 app[web.1]:     return getattr(module, class_name)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428921+00:00 app[web.1]: ImportError: Module "whitenoise.middleware" does not define a "WhiteNoiseMiddleWare" attribute/class
2018-03-27T01:38:12.428929+00:00 app[web.1]: [2018-03-27 01:38:12 +0000] [11] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 11)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.466856+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2018-03-27T01:38:12.466859+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/bin/gunicorn", line 11, in <module>
2018-03-27T01:38:12.466931+00:00 app[web.1]:     sys.exit(run())
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467000+00:00 app[web.1]:     WSGIApplication("%(prog)s [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]").run()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.466940+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 74, in run
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467006+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 203, in run
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467075+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 72, in run
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467069+00:00 app[web.1]:     super(Application, self).run()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467107+00:00 app[web.1]:     Arbiter(self).run()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467112+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 231, in run
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467162+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.halt(reason=inst.reason, exit_status=inst.exit_status)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467164+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 344, in halt
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467225+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.stop()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467230+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 393, in stop
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467293+00:00 app[web.1]:     time.sleep(0.1)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467295+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 244, in handle_chld
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467347+00:00 app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 524, in reap_workers
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467344+00:00 app[web.1]:     self.reap_workers()
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467425+00:00 app[web.1]:     raise HaltServer(reason, self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
2018-03-27T01:38:12.467482+00:00 app[web.1]: gunicorn.errors.HaltServer: <HaltServer 'Worker failed to boot.' 3>
2018-03-27T01:38:12.543505+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 1
2018-03-27T01:38:12.564292+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed

根据stackoverflow，我的问题中有太多代码。所以这是一首可爱的诗，因为我无话可说。

每当我饥肠辘辘的时候， Chhe会给我牛奶。 当我不喝它时， 我会同意的。 每当我在 chho angly 时， Chhe 会说我喝醉了。 当你失去希望时， Chhe会看着我爸爸。 我爸爸只会微笑， 紧紧地抱起手臂。

然后他们会shuksheed， Togethel 他们让我很开心。 他们抛弃并喂我， 我喝的牛奶不是很热。 Twichhe 他们和我拒绝， 他们给我唱一些 lhymsh。 妈妈然后扑通两下， 放在手背上。

'切！很热，' chhe ekchclaims 说， 我发出一声沙哑的笑声。 爸爸伸出援助之手， 他猛灌了一大口冷水。 最后他们一起喂我， 他们小心翼翼地、亲切地这样做。 每当我想起我的口齿不清， 我很开心，笑得很灿烂。

Answer 1

'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleWare',

应该是

'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',

将 W 小写为 w。