【发布时间】:2014-05-17 15:08:12
【问题描述】:
我正在为我的物理课做一个教程。
我编写了一个程序,该程序应该在一个盒子上放一个推车,该推车由弹簧移动并且应该减速到停止,但是,当我运行它时,弹簧似乎正在加速推车(无论我做什么事情否定。)
我听说可能是 vPython 舍入数字导致加速的问题,如果这是真的,我可以将所有数字放大 1000 倍并解决它吗?
谢谢!
from visual import *
from visual.graph import *
length=1.0
track=box(pos=vector(0,-0.05,0),
size=(length, 0.05, 0.10),
material=materials.bricks,)
# creates the track which is "length"meters in the
# x direction, 0.05m tall, and 1m deep
start=-0.5*length+0.05
cart=box(pos=vector(start+0.01,0,0),
size=(0.1,0.05,0.1),
color=color.green)
k=-4
#spring constant
sprL=(start-0.05)-0.1
#sets position of left end of spring
spring=helix(pos=(sprL,0,0),
axis=((cart.x-0.05)-sprL,0,0),
radius=0.02,
color=color.yellow)
cart.m=0.70
#mass of cart
cart.vel=vector(0,0,0)
#initial velocity of cart
cart.force = k*(cart.x)*vector(1,0,0)
#force of the spring
cart.accel=cart.force/cart.m
#acceleration of the cart taking into account the fan
t=0
deltat=0.01
end=0.5*length-0.05
#defining the end of the track
gdisplay(x=100,
y=500,
xtitle='time (sec)',
ytitle='X (cyan), Px (red)')
xcurve = gcurve(color=color.cyan)
pcurve= gcurve (color=color.red)
while cart.x<end+0.01 and (cart.x>(start-0.01)):
#we include -0.01 so the cart does not fail immediately upon start...
cart.pos = cart.pos + cart.vel*deltat+(0.5)*(cart.accel)*deltat**2
#x equals x naught plus v times delta t plus one half a delta t squared
#note that ** means "to the power of"
xcurve.plot(pos=(t,cart.x))
pcurve.plot(pos=(t,cart.vel.x))
cart.vel=cart.vel+cart.accel*deltat
#new velocity is old velocity plus acceleration times time
cart.force=k*(cart.x)*vector(1,0,0)
cart.accel=cart.force/cart.m
spring.axis=((cart.x-0.05)-sprL,0,0)
t=t+deltat
#increments time
rate(100)
#rate means no more than 100 loops per second
【问题讨论】:
-
我不明白,你在代码的什么地方设置了耗散力?没有一个盒子永远不会失去能量。
-
我将弹簧常数 (k) 设为负数,因此 cart.force 为负数,导致 cart.accel 为负数,导致 cart.pos 由于 cat.acceleration 减少(在 while 循环中)从中减去。使弹簧常数为正,导致框向左移动一小段时间,然后程序停止。