这里有两个不同的问题:
- 如何计算圆锥尺寸?
- 如何绘制 3D 圆锥的侧面?
计算圆锥尺寸
假设球心位于[0 0 0]:
d = sqrt(Ax^2+Ay^2+Az^2);
l = sqrt(d^2-rs^2);
t = asin(rs/d);
h = l * cos(t);
rc = l * sin(t);
绘制圆锥
以下函数返回圆锥侧面的坐标,给出顶点、轴方向、底半径和高度,以及侧面的数量。
function [X, Y, Z] = cone3(A, V, r, h, n)
% A: apex, [x y z]
% V: axis direction, [x y z]
% r: radius, scalar
% h: height, scalar
% n: number of lateral surfaces, integer
% X, Y, Z: coordinates of lateral points of the cone, all (n+1) by 2. You draw the sphere with surf(X,Y,Z) or mesh(X,Y,Z)
v1 = V./norm(V);
B = h*v1+A;
v23 = null(v1);
th = linspace(0, 2*pi, n+1);
P = r*(v23(:,1)*cos(th)+v23(:,2)*sin(th));
P = bsxfun(@plus, P', B);
zr = zeros(n+1, 1);
X = [A(1)+zr P(:, 1)];
Y = [A(2)+zr P(:, 2)];
Z = [A(3)+zr P(:, 3)];
end
结果
rs = 6371.0087714; % globe radius
A = rs * 2 * [1 1 1]; % sattelite location
V = -A; % vector from sat to the globe center
% calculating cone dimensions
d = norm(A); % distance from cone apex to sphere center
l = (d^2-rs^2)^.5; % length of generating line of cone
sint = rs/d; % sine of half of apperture
cost = l/d; % cosine of half of apperture
h = l * cost; % cone height
rc = l * sint; % cone radius
% globe surface points
[XS,YS,ZS] = sphere(32);
% cone surface points
[XC, YC, ZC] = cone3(A, V, rc, h, 32);
% plotting results
hold on
surf(XS*rs,YS*rs,ZS*rs, 'facecolor', 'b', 'facealpha', 0.5, 'edgealpha', 0.5)
surf(XC, YC, ZC, 'facecolor', 'r', 'facealpha', 0.5, 'edgealpha', 0.5);
axis equal
grid on
为卫星制作动画
动画对象的最简单方法是通过clf 清除整个图形并在新位置再次绘制对象。但是一种更有效的方法是在每一帧中绘制一次所有对象,只更新移动对象的定位数据:
clc; close all; clc
rs = 6371.0087714; % globe radius
r = rs * 1.2;
n = 121;
t = linspace(0, 2*pi, n)';
% point on orbit
Ai = [r.*cos(t) r.*sin(t) zeros(n, 1)];
[XS,YS,ZS] = sphere(32);
surf(XS*rs,YS*rs,ZS*rs, 'facecolor', 'b', 'facealpha', 0.5, 'edgealpha', 0.5)
hold on
[XC, YC, ZC] = cone3(Ai(1, :), Ai(1, :), 1, 1, 32);
% plot a cone and store handel of surf object
hS = surf(XC, YC, ZC, 'facecolor', 'r', 'facealpha', 0.5, 'edgealpha', 0.5);
for i=1:n
% calculating new point coordinates of cone
A = Ai(i, :);
V = -A;
d = norm(A);
l = (d^2-rs^2)^.5;
sint = rs/d;
cost = l/d;
h = l * cost;
rc = l * sint;
[XC, YC, ZC] = cone3(A, V, rc, h, 32);
% updating surf object
set(hS, 'xdata', XC, 'ydata', YC, 'zdata', ZC);
pause(0.01); % wait 0.01 seconds
drawnow(); % repaint figure
end
另一个包含 3 颗轨道卫星的样本: