与 Windows 系统时钟同步每 N 秒执行一次答案

【问题标题】：Do something every N seconds in sync with the Windows system clock与 Windows 系统时钟同步每 N 秒执行一次
【发布时间】：2011-07-22 04:01:52
【问题描述】：

有很多关于如何每 N 秒执行一次操作的提示，但我发现没有任何内容明确说明这些方法中的任何一个是否会由于延迟而慢慢偏离与系统时钟的同步。

我有一个在 Windows 上运行的多线程应用程序。我需要知道，在更高优先级的任务和线程允许的几毫秒内，一个特定的线程将根据系统时钟在“精确”凌晨 1 点可靠地执行，然后在 1am + N 秒、1am + 2N 秒等等。 ..并在晚上 11 点、晚上 11 点 + N、11 点 + 2 N 等无限期地继续可靠地执行此操作。是的 - 情况（无论如何对我来说）每小时有整数个这些 N 秒周期。

我完全期望线程执行的实际时间是 1am + d1, 1am + N + d2, 1am + 2N + d3, ... 其中每个 d(i) 都是一些延迟增量。这也很好，只要 delta 值的分布保持合理一致且合理低 - 通常最多几十毫秒，在此之上很少出现尖峰。我不介意系统时钟是否与全球时间标准不同步。

我可以为此目的使用哪些计时结构？有什么东西可以保持同步，还是我必须编写一些代码来不断调整自己以在白天处理器负载上升和下降时保持同步？

【问题讨论】：

总是从时钟计算下一个定时器间隔。不要依赖固定的间隔，那样总是会落后的。
“每小时有整数个这 N 秒的周期。”。这不就是说N是3600的除数吗？
我依稀记得它与 WM_TIMER 有关，如果您为 GUI 应用程序执行此操作。不过不确定。
@Hans：这是一个糟糕的解决方法。一个更好的主意是使用绝对时间。

标签： c++ windows timing

【解决方案1】：

看看从现在到下一次你应该醒来的时间，并在这段时间内睡觉。因此，不是将重复计时器设置为每 n 秒，而是在每次唤醒时设置一个一次性计时器，无论从现在到时间轴上的下一个点之间需要经过多少时间。

更新：我编写了一个测试程序来查看重复计时器是否会漂移。

程序在下一分钟开始，然后每 5 秒唤醒一次：

#include <windows.h>
#include<stdio.h>

ULONGLONG convertTime(SYSTEMTIME st) {
    FILETIME ft;
    ULARGE_INTEGER tm;

    SystemTimeToFileTime(&st, &ft);
    tm.u.LowPart = ft.dwLowDateTime;
    tm.u.HighPart = ft.dwHighDateTime;

    return tm.QuadPart;
}

ULONGLONG getNextMinute() {
    SYSTEMTIME now;
    GetSystemTime(&now);
    ULONGLONG ONE_MINUTE = 60 * 10000000;
    ULONGLONG nowNumeric = convertTime(now);
    ULONGLONG desiredTime = ((ULONGLONG)(nowNumeric / ONE_MINUTE)) * ONE_MINUTE + ONE_MINUTE;
    return desiredTime;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    ULONGLONG startTimeForTimer = getNextMinute();
    HANDLE hTimer = NULL;
    hTimer = CreateWaitableTimer(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
    if (NULL == hTimer) {
        printf("CreateWaitableTimer failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Waiting for the next minute to start...\n");

    // Set a timer to wait for 5 seconds.
    if (!SetWaitableTimer(hTimer, &startTimeForTimer, 5000, NULL, NULL, 0))
    {
        printf("SetWaitableTimer failed (%d)\n", GetLastError());
        return 2;
    }

    // Wait for the timer.
    SYSTEMTIME beforeTime;
    SYSTEMTIME afterTime;

    GetSystemTime(&beforeTime);
    while (WaitForSingleObject(hTimer, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
        GetSystemTime(&afterTime);
        ULONGLONG elapsedTime = convertTime(afterTime) - convertTime(beforeTime);
        printf("Timer was signaled: elapsed=%I64u, seconds=%02d.%02d\n", elapsedTime, afterTime.wSecond, afterTime.wMilliseconds);
        GetSystemTime(&beforeTime);
    }

    return 0;
}

这是运行一段时间后的结果（删除了一些不感兴趣的部分）。 seconds= 位是当前分钟后的秒数（低至千分之一秒）：

Timer was signaled: elapsed=297650000, seconds=59.98
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=04.986
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=09.986
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=14.986
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=19.986
...
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=09.986
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=14.985
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=19.985
...
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=24.985
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=29.984
...
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=54.973
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=59.973
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=04.973
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=09.972
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=14.972
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=19.972
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=24.972
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=29.974
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=34.976
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=39.978
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=44.980
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=49.982
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=54.984
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=59.985
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=04.987
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=09.989
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=14.991
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=19.993
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=24.995
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=29.997
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=34.999
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=40.01
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=45.03
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=50.05
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=55.07
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=00.09
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=05.10
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=10.12
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=15.14
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=20.16
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=25.18
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=30.20
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=35.22
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=40.24
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=45.26
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=50.28
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=55.30
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=00.32
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=05.33
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=10.35
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=15.37
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=20.39
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=25.41
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=30.43
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=35.45
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=40.47
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=45.49
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=50.51
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=55.53
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50170000, seconds=00.70
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49870000, seconds=05.57
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=10.58
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=15.60
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=20.62
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=25.64
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=30.66
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=35.68
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=40.70
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=45.72
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=50.74
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=55.76
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=00.78
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=05.80
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=10.81
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=15.83
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=20.85
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50020000, seconds=25.87
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=30.88
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=35.89
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.89
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=45.90
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=50.91
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.91
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=00.92
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=05.93
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.93
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=15.94
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=20.95
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.95
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=30.96
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=35.97
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.97
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=45.98
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=50.99
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.99
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=00.100
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=05.101
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.101
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=15.102
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=20.103
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=25.104
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.104
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=35.105
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=40.106
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.106
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=50.107
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=55.108
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.108
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=05.109
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=10.110
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.110
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=20.111
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=25.112
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.112
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=35.113
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=40.114
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.114
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=50.115
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=55.116
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.116
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=05.117
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=10.118
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.118
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=20.119
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=25.120
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.120
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=35.121
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=40.122
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.122
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=50.123
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=55.124
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.124
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=05.125
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=10.126
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.126
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=20.127
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=25.128
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.128
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.128
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.128
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=45.129
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.129
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.129
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.129
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.129
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.129
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=15.130
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.130
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.130
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.130
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.130
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=40.131
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.131
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.131
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.131
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.131
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=05.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=30.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=55.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=25.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=50.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=15.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=40.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=05.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=00.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50010000, seconds=35.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.141
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=20.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.140
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=55.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.139
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=30.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.138
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=50.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.137
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=05.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.136
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=25.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.135
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=45.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.134
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=00.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.133
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=20.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=35.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=05.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=10.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=15.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=20.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=25.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=30.132
Timer was signaled: elapsed=49990000, seconds=35.131
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=40.131
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=45.131
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=50.131
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=55.131
Timer was signaled: elapsed=50000000, seconds=00.131

总结：实际上我不知道如何理解这些结果。 看起来 Windows 正在尝试主动纠正计时器中的任何漂移，以便每次唤醒都在“适当的”时间发生。如果是这种情况，那么这（为您想要的时间间隔设置一个计时器）绝对是完成您想要的最简单的方法。

【讨论】：

这里隐藏了一个好点并试图摆脱，但你的答案完全错误。重复计时器可以正常工作。如果 N 秒添加到前一个闹钟时间，则基于绝对时间的一次性计时器将正常工作。在使用一系列一次性相对计时器时，您只需要担心实际的当前时间，这仍然是一个糟糕的解决方案（如果您的线程在计算所需的间隔和设置计时器之间休眠会发生什么？）
@Ben：但是重复计时器并不依赖于挂钟（即 3:01:00、3:02:00、3:03:00），它们只是响起，比如说，每 60 秒。最初可能会起作用，但可能会漂移。如果它漂移 1 秒，那么你最终会得到 3:01:00, 3:02:01, 3:03:01
哪个重复计时器不与挂钟绑定？您描述的行为是如果您在每次事件发生时创建一个新计时器会发生什么。周期性计时器会从最后一个到期时间计算下一个到期时间，而不是从事件处理程序运行的时间开始计算，所以没有问题。

【解决方案2】：

CreateWaitableTimer 和 SetWaitableTimer 让您等待（WaitForSingleObject，或完成端口，或任何等待）而不是休眠。

另外，你可以给它一个精确的绝对时间，或者一个相对时间，无论你想要什么。如果您想要在凌晨 1 点之后精确 N 秒，请给它一个 1AM+N 秒的绝对时间。

另外，如果你指定了，它甚至可以在计算机进入休眠状态时工作。

【讨论】：

谢谢 Damon - 我接受这是提供的最简洁的答案。也感谢其他所有人 - 非常有用。 Adam 的测试结果表明，使用周期（相对时间）可能会导致漂移，但显然你们所有人都认为 ...WaitableTimer() 函数足以完成任务 - 我将带它们进行试驾:)

【解决方案3】：

SetWaitableTimer 函数允许您指定特定的绝对时间和周期。

Hans 和 Adam 似乎关心的是使用一次性计时器时由于处理时间引起的漂移（即，如果您因计时器而醒来，并为“in N em> seconds"，实际间隔为N秒+唤醒延迟+创建新定时器的时间。使用周期性定时器就不会出现这个问题。或者你可以使用一次性定时器，并以绝对值指定下一个到期时间，这也将防止漂移。

您总共需要CreateWaitableTimer、SetWaitableTimer 和一个等待函数，例如WaitForMultipleObjectsEx。

【讨论】：