dplyr：如何按名称选择连接列？

Question

我想使用 dplyr 的 left_join 将值（“新”）从一个 DF 传输到另一个。

如果我不知道键的名称，而只知道它是数据集中的第一个变量，我该怎么做？

require("dplyr")

testData1 <- data.frame(idvar=c(1,2,3),
                    b=c("a","b","c"),
                    c=c("i","ii","iii"))

testData2 <- data.frame(identification=c(1,2),
                    b=c("a","b"),
                    c=c("i","NA"),
                    new=c("var1","var2"))

# now do a left join to obtain values of the new variable in the old dataset


(testResult1 <- left_join(testData1,testData2))
# var2 is not in the results because of the "NA" in testData2!


(testResult2 <- left_join(testData1,testData2,
                         by=c("idvar"="identification"))) 
# works as expected! ... but we do not know the name of the idvar!


(testResult3 <- left_join(testData1,testData2,
                         by=c(names(testData1)[1]=names(testData2)[1]))) 
# Error: unexpected '=' in:
#   "testResult3 <- left_join(testData1,testData2,
#                             by=c(names(testData1)[1]="

Answer 1

另一种方法是使两个键列具有相同的名称：

left_join(
    testData1,
    rename_at(testData2, 1, ~ names(testData1)[1]),
    by = names(testData1)[1]
)

#   idvar b.x c.x  b.y  c.y  new
# 1     1   a   i    a    i var1
# 2     2   b  ii    b   NA var2
# 3     3   c iii <NA> <NA> <NA>

# > (testResult2 <- left_join(testData1,testData2, by=c("idvar"="identification")))
#   idvar b.x c.x  b.y  c.y  new
# 1     1   a   i    a    i var1
# 2     2   b  ii    b   NA var2
# 3     3   c iii <NA> <NA> <NA>

Answer 2

您可以提前创建命名向量，然后按如下方式加入：

join_by = colnames(testData2)[1]
names(join_by)=colnames(testData1)[1]
left_join(testData1,testData2, by=join_by)

或一行：

left_join(testData1,testData2, 
        by=structure(colnames(testData2)[1], names=colnames(testData1)[1]))

或者，按照 Artem 的建议：

left_join(testData1,testData2, 
               by=setNames(colnames(testData2)[1], colnames(testData1)[1]))

希望这会有所帮助！