如何在 Flutter/Dart 中导入特定于平台的依赖项？ （结合 Web 与 Android/iOS）

Question

我在 iOS 和 Android 的 Flutter 应用程序中使用 shared_preferences。在网络上，我正在使用 http:dart 依赖项 (window.localStorage) 本身。由于 Flutter for web 已合并到 Flutter repo，我想创建一个跨平台解决方案。

这意味着我需要导入两个单独的 API。这似乎在 Dart 中还没有得到很好的支持，但这就是我所做的：

import 'package:some_project/stub/preference_utils_stub.dart'
    if (dart.library.html) 'dart:html'
    if (dart.library.io) 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

在我的preference_utils_stub.dart 文件中，我实现了所有需要在编译期间可见的类/变量：

Window window;

class SharedPreferences {
  static Future<SharedPreferences> get getInstance async {}
  setString(String key, String value) {}
  getString(String key) {}
}

class Window {
  Map<String, String> localStorage;
}

这会在编译之前消除所有错误。现在我实现了一些方法来检查应用程序是否正在使用网络：

static Future<String> getString(String key) async {
    if (kIsWeb) {
       return window.localStorage[key];
    }
    SharedPreferences preferences = await SharedPreferences.getInstance;
    return preferences.getString(key);
}

但是，这会产生大量错误：

lib/utils/preference_utils.dart:13:7: Error: Getter not found:
'window'.
      window.localStorage[key] = value;
      ^^^^^^ lib/utils/preference_utils.dart:15:39: Error: A value of type 'Future<SharedPreferences> Function()' can't be assigned to a
variable of type 'SharedPreferences'.
 - 'Future' is from 'dart:async'.
 - 'SharedPreferences' is from 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart'
('../../flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/shared_preferences-0.5.4+3/lib/shared_preferences.dart').
      SharedPreferences preferences = await SharedPreferences.getInstance;
                                      ^ lib/utils/preference_utils.dart:22:14: Error: Getter not found:
'window'.
      return window.localStorage[key];

等等。如何在没有这些错误的情况下根据平台使用不同的方法/类？请注意，我以这种方式使用更多依赖项，而不仅仅是首选项。谢谢！

Answer 1

你可以使用包universal_html

Answer 2

这是我对您的问题的处理方法。这是基于http 包中的实现，如here。

核心思想如下。

1. 创建一个抽象类来定义您需要使用的方法。
2. 创建特定于 web 和 android 依赖项的实现，以扩展此抽象类。
3. 创建一个存根，它公开一个方法以返回此抽象实现的实例。这只是为了让飞镖分析工具满意。
4. 在抽象类中导入此存根文件以及特定于mobile 和web 的条件导入。然后在其工厂构造函数中返回具体实现的实例。如果编写正确，这将通过条件导入自动处理。

第 1 步和第 4 步：

import 'key_finder_stub.dart'
    // ignore: uri_does_not_exist
    if (dart.library.io) 'package:flutter_conditional_dependencies_example/storage/shared_pref_key_finder.dart'
    // ignore: uri_does_not_exist
    if (dart.library.html) 'package:flutter_conditional_dependencies_example/storage/web_key_finder.dart';

abstract class KeyFinder {

  // some generic methods to be exposed.

  /// returns a value based on the key
  String getKeyValue(String key) {
    return "I am from the interface";
  }

  /// stores a key value pair in the respective storage.
  void setKeyValue(String key, String value) {}

  /// factory constructor to return the correct implementation.
  factory KeyFinder() => getKeyFinder();
}

步骤 2.1：Web 密钥查找器

import 'dart:html';

import 'package:flutter_conditional_dependencies_example/storage/key_finder_interface.dart';

Window windowLoc;

class WebKeyFinder implements KeyFinder {

  WebKeyFinder() {
    windowLoc = window;
    print("Widnow is initialized");
    // storing something initially just to make sure it works. :)
    windowLoc.localStorage["MyKey"] = "I am from web local storage";
  }

  String getKeyValue(String key) {
    return windowLoc.localStorage[key];
  }

  void setKeyValue(String key, String value) {
    windowLoc.localStorage[key] = value;
  }  
}

KeyFinder getKeyFinder() => WebKeyFinder();

步骤 2.2：移动钥匙查找器

import 'package:flutter_conditional_dependencies_example/storage/key_finder_interface.dart';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

class SharedPrefKeyFinder implements KeyFinder {
  SharedPreferences _instance;

  SharedPrefKeyFinder() {
    SharedPreferences.getInstance().then((SharedPreferences instance) {
      _instance = instance;
      // Just initializing something so that it can be fetched.
      _instance.setString("MyKey", "I am from Shared Preference");
    });
  }

  String getKeyValue(String key) {
    return _instance?.getString(key) ??
        'shared preference is not yet initialized';
  }

  void setKeyValue(String key, String value) {
    _instance?.setString(key, value);
  }

}

KeyFinder getKeyFinder() => SharedPrefKeyFinder();

第三步：

import 'key_finder_interface.dart';

KeyFinder getKeyFinder() => throw UnsupportedError(
    'Cannot create a keyfinder without the packages dart:html or package:shared_preferences');

然后在您的main.dart 中使用KeyFinder 抽象类，就好像它是一个通用实现一样。这有点像适配器模式。

main.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_conditional_dependencies_example/storage/key_finder_interface.dart';

void main() => runApp(MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application.
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    KeyFinder keyFinder = KeyFinder();
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: SafeArea(
        child: KeyValueWidget(
          keyFinder: keyFinder,
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class KeyValueWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  final KeyFinder keyFinder;

  KeyValueWidget({this.keyFinder});
  @override
  _KeyValueWidgetState createState() => _KeyValueWidgetState();
}

class _KeyValueWidgetState extends State<KeyValueWidget> {
  String key = "MyKey";
  TextEditingController _keyTextController = TextEditingController();
  TextEditingController _valueTextController = TextEditingController();
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Material(
      child: Container(
        width: 200.0,
        child: Column(
          children: <Widget>[
            Expanded(
              child: Text(
                '$key / ${widget.keyFinder.getKeyValue(key)}',
                style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20.0, fontWeight: FontWeight.bold),
              ),
            ),
            Expanded(
              child: TextFormField(
                decoration: InputDecoration(
                  labelText: "Key",
                  border: OutlineInputBorder(),
                ),
                controller: _keyTextController,
              ),
            ),
            Expanded(
              child: TextFormField(
                decoration: InputDecoration(
                  labelText: "Value",
                  border: OutlineInputBorder(),
                ),
                controller: _valueTextController,
              ),
            ),
            RaisedButton(
              child: Text('Save new Key/Value Pair'),
              onPressed: () {
                widget.keyFinder.setKeyValue(
                  _keyTextController.text,
                  _valueTextController.text,
                );
                setState(() {
                  key = _keyTextController.text;
                });
              },
            )
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

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