获取包含所有子记录的记录

Question

我有一个名为 Medicine 的表和一个名为 Medication_symptoms 的关联子表

医药

MediId, Name
1,      MedA
2,      MedB
3,      MedC

药物治疗症状

MedSympId, Medicine (MedId),     Symptom (symptomId)
1,         MedA (1),             Symptom A (1)
2,         MedA (1),             Symptom B (2)
3,         MedB (2),             Symptom B (2)
4,         MedB (2),             Symptom C (3)
5,         MedC (3),             Symptom D

我有另一个名为 Patient 和 Patient_Symptoms 的表

患者

PatientId, Name
1,         Patient A
2,         Patient B
3,         Patient C
4,         Patient D

Patient_Symptom

PatientSymptomId, PatientId,     SymptomId
1,                Patient A(1),  Symptom A (1)
2,                Patient A(1),  Symptom B (2)
3,                Patient B(2),  Symptom B (2)
4,                Patient B(2),  Symptom D (4)
5,                Patient D(4),  Symptom D (4)

鉴于上述信息，我需要获得与患者所有症状相匹配的药物：（我会逐个提取每个患者的信息）

Patient A - Med A (as he has symptom a and b and Med is for symptom A and B)
Patient B - None! (as he has symptoms b and d and there is no medicine for symptoms B and D)
Patient D - Med C (as med C is for symptom D only and Patient D has only symptom D)

注意症状是一个单独的表格：

症状

Symptom Id, Name
1,          Symptom A
2,          Symptom B
3,          Symptom C
4,          Symptom D
5,          Symptom E

这样的查询叫什么？

注意：我已经编造了这个例子。在我正在做的事情中，我有一个记录 A，带有一组属性（其中属性存储为记录 A 的记录行）。我需要将该记录 A 与另一条记录 C 匹配，该记录 C 具有与 A 完全相同的一组属性。（有意义吗？）

您可以使用http://pastebin.com/kaqdtHf3 处的脚本创建表格和一些示例数据

Answer 1

您可以结合not exists 和full join … null 来选择所有不-不-（双阴性）对患者的症状有治疗作用的药物-因此该药物确实具有所有治疗作用

select * from medicine m
where not exists (
    select 1 from patient_symptom ps 
    full join medication_symptoms ms on ps.SymptomId = ms.SymptomId
          and ps.PatientId = :myPatientIdHere
          and ms.MedId = m.MedId
    where (ms.SymptomId is null or ps.symptomId is null)
)

另一种使用条件聚合排除任何不能治疗患者症状的药物的方法

select ms.MedId
from patient_symptom ps
join medication_symptoms ms on ps.SymptomId = ms.SymptomId
where ps.patientId = :myPatientIdHere
group by ms.MedId, ps.patientId
having count(ms.symptomId) = (select count(*) from patient_symptom ps2 
                                where ps2.patientId = ps.patientId)
and count(ms.symptomId) = (select count(*) from medication_symptoms ms2 
                                where ms2.MedId = ms.MedId)

更新

如果您使用full join，您可以使用条件聚合来确保完全联接的任一侧都没有空值，从而确保存在 1:1 匹配。

select t1.MedId
from (
  select * from 
  patient_symptom ps
  cross join medicine m
  where patientId = :myPatientId
) t1
full join medication_symptoms ms on t1.SymptomId = ms.SymptomId
      and t1.MediId = ms.MediId
group by t1.MedId
having count(case when t1.SymptomId is null or ms.SymptomId is null then 1 end) = 0

Answer 2

FuzzyTree 发布了多个答案。这是他的第一个查询，其中包含我必须进行的所有更改才能使其正常工作。他的查询 #2 也有效。

SELECT *
FROM medicine m
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT 1
        FROM (
            SELECT ms.symptomId
            FROM Medication_Symptoms ms
            WHERE ms.medId = m.medid
            ) ms1
        FULL JOIN (
            SELECT ps.SymptomId
            FROM Patient_Symptom ps
            WHERE ps.PatientId = 7
            ) ps1 ON ps1.SymptomId = ms1.SymptomId
        WHERE (
                ps1.SymptomId IS NULL
                OR ms1.symptomId IS NULL
                )
        )

我们发现下面的查询比上面的查询更快（这是由一位同事发现的，并查看了挂钟时间和查询计划，这个更快）

select m.Name
from Medicine m
where m.Id in (
    select ms.MedicineId
    from       Medication_Symptom ms
    inner join (select SymptomId
        from Patient_Symptom
        where PatientId = 7)      ps on ps.SymptomId = ms.SymptomId
    group by ms.MedicineId
    having count(*) = (select count(SymptomId)
        from Patient_Symptom
        where PatientId = 7)
    intersect
    select ms.MedicineId
    from Medication_Symptom ms
    group by ms.MedicineId
    having count(*) = (select count(SymptomId)
        from Patient_Symptom
        where PatientId = 7)
    )

最后，此查询返回所有患者的数据：

select po.Name, m.Name
from Medicine m, patient po
where m.Id in (
    select ms.MedicineId
    from       Medication_Symptom ms
    inner join (select SymptomId
        from Patient_Symptom
        where PatientId = po.Id)      ps on ps.SymptomId = ms.SymptomId
    group by ms.MedicineId
    having count(*) = (select count(SymptomId)
        from Patient_Symptom
        where PatientId = po.Id)
    intersect
    select ms.MedicineId
    from Medication_Symptom ms
    group by ms.MedicineId
    having count(*) = (select count(SymptomId)
        from Patient_Symptom
        where PatientId = po.Id)
    )