用于动态表转置的 Sql 查询

Question

sql表如下，

    Name    Salary   NoticePeriod   CTC
    Jack     1520       15          123
    Bruce    1423       35          165 

它包含大约 1000 行。

我需要对这个表做一个转置，这样预期的输出是

    Fields           Jack     Bruce   Mike ..... Sam
    Salary           1520     1423    235   ..   561
    NoticePeriod      15       35      23        253 
    CTC               123      165     45   ...  125

我尝试在 Sql Server 2008 中使用 Pivot 和 Unpivot 函数。但是由于 Name 记录很大，所以 Pivot 查询没有帮助。

我的sql尝试如下，

SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT NAME,
    Salary,
    NoticePeriod,
    CTC
  FROM CTCTABLE WITH (NOLOCK)
  ) AS queryTable
UNPIVOT(Value FOR NAME IN (NAME, Salary, NoticePeriod, CTC)) AS unpv
PIvot(max(Value) FOR NAME IN (Salary, NoticePeriod, CTC)) pv

Answer 1

在您的情况下，您应该将列 Salary, NoticePeriod, CTC 转为行，然后将 PIVOT：

WITH Unpivoted
AS
(
    SELECT Name, Fields, SalaryValue
    FROM salaries AS s
    UNPIVOT
    (
      SalaryValue
      FOR  Fields IN(Salary, NoticePeriod, CTC)
    ) AS u
)
SELECT Fields, jack,bruce
FROM Unpivoted AS u
PIVOT
(
  MAX(SalaryValue)
  FOR Name IN(Jack, Bruce)
) AS p;

UNPIVOT 会将列Salary, NoticePeriod, CTC 转换为值：

然后枢轴将旋转每个字段值的薪水值并将名称转换为列。

当然，您必须动态执行此操作，而不是像这样编写名称列表：

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @colnames AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX);

SELECT @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' +
                        QUOTENAME(name)
                       FROM salaries
                      FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
                     ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
                        , 1, 1, '');


SELECT @query = 'WITH Unpivoted
                AS
                (
                    SELECT Name, Fields, SalaryValue
                    FROM salaries AS s
                    UNPIVOT
                    (
                        SalaryValue
                        FOR  Fields IN(Salary, NoticePeriod, CTC)
                    ) AS u
                )
                SELECT Fields, ' + @cols + '
                FROM Unpivoted AS u
                PIVOT
                (
                    MAX(SalaryValue)
                    FOR Name IN(' + @cols + ')' +
                ') p';

execute(@query);

这会给你：

• Live Demo（感谢@lad2025）