SQL Server：按组和序列进行行排序

Question

我在一些看起来应该很简单的事情上遇到了困难，但我现在太累了，不能再搞砸了，所以我只是把它扔在这里，看看是否有人可以展示如何解决这个问题。 我正在尝试根据 IDENTITY 列 (ID) 排序的表中的值所属的组、序列和序列的顺序来识别表的行。 我正在使用 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 Management Studio (v10.50.4000.0)。

declare @X table (
ID int identity,
Value varchar(20)
);

insert @X
select 'abc'
union all
select 'zzz' --def
union all
select 'abc'
union all
select 'abc'
union all
select 'xyz'
union all
select 'abc'
union all
select 'abc';

select * from @X;

最终结果应该是这样的：

/*
*GO-GroupOrder; SO-SequenceOrder; GSO-GroupSequenceOrder
ID  Value   GO  SO  GSO
1   abc     1   1   1
2   zzz     2   2   1 --def
3   abc     1   3   2
4   abc     1   3   2
5   xyz     3   4   1
6   abc     1   5   3
7   abc     1   5   3
*/

我希望我能避免我迄今为止所做的各种失败尝试（涉及 row_number、rank、dense_rank、group by 等）是可以接受的……；我确信必须有一个相对简单的解决方案，它只涉及整个集合中的单个操作，但我无法弄清楚。 注意：将值定义为 zzz 以使请求的顺序更清晰。 我希望这是有道理的，并提前感谢！

解决方案：

with
    cte1 as (
        select
            x.ID,
            x.Value,
            oX.ValuePrevious
        from @X as x
        outer apply (
            select
                top 1
                    oX.Value as ValuePrevious
            from @X as oX
            where x.ID > oX.ID
            order by oX.ID desc
            ) as oX
        ),
    cte2 as (
        select
            min(ID) as IDMin,
            Value
        from @x
        group by Value
        ),
    cte3 as (
        select
            cte1.ID,
            cte1.Value,
            dense_rank() over (order by cte2.IDMin) as [GO],
            cCTE1.SO
        from cte1
        cross apply (
            select
                sum(case 
                    when 1 <> 1
                        or cCTE1.ValuePrevious != cCTE1.[Value]
                        or cCTE1.ValuePrevious is NULL
                    then 1
                    else 0
                    end) as SO
            from cte1 as cCTE1
            where cte1.ID >= cCTE1.ID
            ) as cCTE1
        join cte2
            on cte2.Value = cte1.Value
        )
    select
        ID,
        Value,
        [GO],
        SO,
        dense_rank() over (partition by [GO] order by SO) as [GSO]
    from cte3 order by ID;

Answer 1

如果我理解正确，您的查询将是

 ;WITH temp AS
(
    select  x.ID,
            x.[Value], 
            pre.PreviousValue      
    from @X x
    OUTER APPLY
    (
        SELECT  TOP 1 
                x2.[Value] AS PreviousValue
        FROM @X x2
        WHERE x2.ID < x.ID
        ORDER BY x2.ID DESC
    ) pre
),
temp1 AS
(
    SELECT x2.[Value], min(x2.ID) AS MinGrId
    FROM @X x2
    GROUP BY x2.[Value]
),
temp2 AS
(
select  t.*,
       SUM(CASE 
             WHEN t.PreviousValue != t.[Value] OR t.PreviousValue IS null THEN 1 
             ELSE 0
          END) OVER(ORDER BY t.ID) AS [SO],
        dense_rank() OVER(ORDER BY t1.MinGrId) AS [GO]
from temp t    
INNER JOIN temp1 t1 ON t.[Value] = t1.[Value]
)
SELECT t.ID, t.[Value], t.[GO], t.SO,
      dense_rank() OVER(PARTITION BY t.[GO] ORDER BY t.SO) AS GSO
FROM temp2 t
ORDER BY t.ID

演示链接：http://rextester.com/KGYT17255