如果这是关于没有旋转的聚合，您可以使用 CASE 表达式，如下所示：
SELECT
...
Local_1 = SUM(CASE [Transaction] WHEN 'Add' THEN QTY ELSE -QTY END),
...
FROM ...
GROUP BY ...
但是，在 PIVOT 子句中，聚合函数的参数必须只是列引用，而不是表达式。您可以通过转换原始数据集来解决此问题，以便 QTY 是正数或负数，具体取决于 Transaction：
SELECT
PubID,
QTY = CASE [Transaction] WHEN 'Add' THEN QTY ELSE -QTY END,
LocationID
FROM dbo.InventoryLog
上面的查询会给你一个这样的结果集：
PubID QTY LocationID
----- --- ----------
1 10 1
1 20 2
1 30 3
1 -5 1
1 -10 2
1 -5 3
2 10 1
2 10 2
2 -5 2
2 -8 2
1 20 1
1 20 2
2 -2 2
现在很容易调整：
WITH prepared AS (
SELECT
PubID,
QTY = CASE [Transaction] WHEN 'Add' THEN QTY ELSE -QTY END,
LocationID
FROM dbo.InventoryLog
)
SELECT
PubID,
Local_1 = [1],
Local_2 = [2],
Local_3 = [3]
FROM prepared
PIVOT
(
SUM(QTY)
FOR LocationID IN ([1], [2], [3])
) AS p
;
请注意，您实际上可以事先准备名称Local_1、Local_2、Local_3，并避免在主 SELECT 中重命名它们。假设它们是通过将 LocationID 值附加到字符串 Local_ 来形成的，这是我的意思的一个示例：
WITH prepared AS (
SELECT
PubID,
QTY = CASE [Transaction] WHEN 'Add' THEN QTY ELSE -QTY END,
Name = 'Local_' + CAST(LocationID AS varchar(10))
FROM dbo.InventoryLog
)
SELECT
PubID,
Local_1,
Local_2,
Local_3
FROM prepared
PIVOT
(
SUM(QTY)
FOR Name IN (Local_1, Local_2, Local_3)
) AS p
;
但是，您会看到，在此解决方案中，无论如何都需要重命名，因此我将在进一步的解释中使用以前的版本。
现在，将总计添加到您想要的输出中的数据透视结果可能看起来有点棘手。显然，该列可以简单地计算为所有 Local_* 列的总和，这对于少量位置实际上可能并不算太糟糕：
WITH prepared AS (
SELECT
PubID,
QTY = CASE [Transaction] WHEN 'Add' THEN QTY ELSE -QTY END,
LocationID
FROM dbo.InventoryLog
)
SELECT
PubID,
Local_1 = [1],
Local_2 = [2],
Local_3 = [3]
Total = COALESCE([1], 0)
+ COALESCE([2], 0)
+ COALESCE([3], 0)
FROM prepared
PIVOT
(
SUM(QTY)
FOR LocationID IN ([1], [2], [3])
) AS p
;
（需要 COALESCE，因为某些结果可能为 NULL。）
但还有一种替代方法，您不必再一次明确地列出所有位置。您可以使用SUM() OVER (...) 返回每个PubID 的总数以及prepared 数据集中的详细信息，如下所示：
WITH prepared AS (
SELECT
PubID,
QTY = CASE [Transaction] WHEN 'Add' THEN QTY ELSE -QTY END,
LocationID,
Total = SUM(CASE [Transaction] WHEN 'Add' THEN QTY ELSE -QTY END)
OVER (PARTITION BY PubID)
FROM dbo.InventoryLog
)
…
或者像这样，如果你想避免 CASE 表达式的重复：
WITH prepared AS (
SELECT
t.PubID,
QTY = x.AdjustedQTY,
t.LocationID,
Total = SUM(x.AdjustedQTY) OVER (PARTITION BY t.PubID)
FROM dbo.InventoryLog AS t
CROSS APPLY (
SELECT CASE t.[Transaction] WHEN 'Add' THEN t.QTY ELSE -t.QTY END
) AS x (AdjustedQTY)
)
…
然后您只需将Total 列与转置结果和PubID 一起包含到主SELECT 子句中：
…
SELECT
PubID,
Local_1,
Local_2,
Local_3,
Total
FROM prepared
PIVOT
(
SUM(QTY)
FOR LocationID IN ([1], [2], [3])
) AS p
;
这将是您的总列。至于行，熟悉ROLLUP()分组功能后其实很容易添加：
…
SELECT
PubID,
Local_1 = SUM([1]),
Local_2 = SUM([2]),
Local_3 = SUM([3]),
Total = SUM(Total)
FROM prepared
PIVOT
(
SUM(QTY)
FOR LocationID IN ([1], [2], [3])
) AS p
GROUP BY ROLLUP(PubID)
;
PubID 列中的总行将具有 NULL，因此您将再次需要 COALESCE 将单词 Total 改为（仅当您想在 SQL 中返回它；或者您可以在调用中替换它申请）：
…
PubID = COALESCE(CAST(PubID AS varchar(10)), 'Total'),
…
仅此而已。总结一下，这里是complete query：
WITH prepared AS (
SELECT
PubID,
QTY = x.AdjustedQTY,
t.LocationID,
Total = SUM(x.AdjustedQTY) OVER (PARTITION BY t.PubID)
FROM dbo.InventoryLog AS t
CROSS APPLY (
SELECT CASE t.[Transaction] WHEN 'Add' THEN t.QTY ELSE -t.QTY END
) AS x (AdjustedQTY)
)
SELECT
PubID = COALESCE(CAST(PubID AS varchar(10)), 'Total'),
Local_1 = SUM([1]),
Local_2 = SUM([2]),
Local_3 = SUM([3]),
Total = SUM(Total)
FROM prepared
PIVOT
(
SUM(QTY)
FOR LocationID IN ([1], [2], [3])
) AS p
GROUP BY ROLLUP(PubID)
;
最后，您可能还想将 COALESCE 应用于 SUM，以避免在数据中返回 NULL（如果有必要）。