将 Access Crosstab/PIVOT 查询转换为 T-SQL答案

【问题标题】：Convert Access Crosstab/PIVOT query to T-SQL将 Access Crosstab/PIVOT 查询转换为 T-SQL
【发布时间】：2016-05-04 21:32:52
【问题描述】：

我需要转换为在 SQL Server 下工作的访问查询：

TRANSFORM Sum([T_Leads]![OrderType]='New Order')-1 & " / " & Sum([T_Leads]![OrderType]='Change Order')-1 
AS [New / Change]   
SELECT Employees.EmployeeName as Name, Count(T_Leads.OrderType) AS Total
FROM Employees INNER JOIN T_Leads ON Employees.EmployeeID = T_Leads.EmployeeID
WHERE (((T_Leads.Date)>Date()-7))
and [Employees.LeadRotation] <> "Inactive"
GROUP BY Employees.EmployeeName
ORDER BY T_Leads.Date
PIVOT T_Leads.Date;

输出显示当前领导的员工列表（非“非活动”）。对于列标题，显示前 7 天的日期（如果在那一天提交了潜在客户），并且每个日期下显示两个总计。一个代表收到的新订单总数，另一个代表变更订单总数。我找不到任何生成日期列并显示两个值的示例在每一列下。

Access 查询当前在 GridView 中产生如下输出：

+-------------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+
| Name        | Total | 4/5/2016 | 4/6/2016 | 4/7/2016 | 4/8/2016 | 4/11/2016 |  
+-------------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+
| Doe, Jane   |  9    | 0/1      | 0/2      | 0/3      | /        | 0/3       |
+-------------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+
| Guy, Some   | 4     | 0/1      | 0/1      | /        | /        | 0/2       | 
+-------------+-------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------+
| Doe, John   | 10    | 0/1      | 1/1      | 2/1      | 0/3      | 0/1       |

样本数据：

| EmployeeID  | Customer         | Date       | OrderType|
+-------------+------------------+------------+----------+
| 1           | Fake Customer    | 2016-05-14 | New      | 
+-------------+------------------+------------+----------+
| 2           | Some Company     | 2016-05-13 | Change   | 
+-------------+------------------+------------+----------+
| 3           | Stuff Inc.       | 2016-05-14 | New      | 
+-------------+------------------+------------+----------+
| 3           | Cool Things      | 2016-05-12 | Change   |

【问题讨论】：

标签： sql sql-server tsql ms-access

【解决方案1】：

IF OBJECT_ID('tmpEmployees_Test', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE tmpEmployees_Test;
CREATE TABLE tmpEmployees_Test (EmployeeID INT, EmployeeName VARCHAR(255));
INSERT tmpEmployees_Test (EmployeeID, EmployeeName)
VALUES (1, 'Doe, Jane'), (2, 'Doe, John'), (3, 'Guy, Some');


IF OBJECT_ID('tmpOrders_Test', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE tmpOrders_Test;
CREATE TABLE tmpOrders_Test (EmployeeID INT, Customer VARCHAR(255), Date DATE, OrderType VARCHAR(255));
INSERT tmpOrders_Test (EmployeeID, Customer, Date, OrderType)
VALUES (1, 'Fake Customer', '2016-05-14', 'New')
        , (2, 'Some Company', '2016-05-13', 'Change')
        , (3, 'Stuff Inc.', '2016-05-14', 'New')
        , (3, 'Cool Things', '2016-05-12', 'Change')
        , (3, 'Amazing Things', '2016-05-12', 'Change');


DECLARE @columns NVARCHAR(MAX), @sql NVARCHAR(MAX);
SET @columns = N'';
SELECT @columns += N', p.' + QUOTENAME(Name) 
  FROM (SELECT distinct CONVERT(nvarchar(30) , p.Date , 101) as Name FROM dbo.tmpOrders_Test AS p where [Date] > GETDATE()-7
  ) AS x;
-- Kept it for formatting Purpose
DECLARE @columns1 NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET @columns1 = N'';
SELECT @columns1 += N', ISNULL(p.' + QUOTENAME(Name) + ',''/'') AS ' + QUOTENAME(Name) 
  FROM (SELECT distinct CONVERT(nvarchar(30) , p.Date , 101) as Name FROM dbo.tmpOrders_Test AS p where [Date] > GETDATE()-7
  ) AS x;


SET @sql = N'
SELECT EmployeeName, Count(*) as Total  ' +  @columns1  + '
FROM
(
    SELECT  EmployeeID, EmployeeName' + ''+ @columns1 + '' + '
    FROM
    (
      SELECT    o.employeeID,EmployeeName, CAST(COUNT(case WHEN OrderType = ''New'' then 1  end) as varchar(5)) + ''/'' + 
                CAST(COUNT(case WHEN OrderType = ''Change'' then 1  end) as varchar(5)) as OrderType, CONVERT(nvarchar(30) , p.Date , 101) as Date
       FROM     dbo.tmpOrders_Test AS p
                    INNER JOIN dbo.tmpEmployees_Test AS o
                     ON p.EmployeeID = o.EmployeeID
       GROUP BY EmployeeName, Date, o.employeeID
    ) AS j
    PIVOT
    (
      Max(OrderType) FOR Date IN ('
      + STUFF(REPLACE(@columns, ', p.[', ',['), 1, 1, '')
      + ')
    ) AS p) as p JOIN tmpOrders_Test as m on p.employeeID = m.employeeID
where [Date] > GETDATE()-7
GROUP BY EmployeeName ' + @columns + '
';

PRINT @sql;
EXEC sp_executesql @sql;

这个正在使用动态 Pivot。您可能希望在应用程序或报告端而不是复杂的 sql 上执行此业务逻辑。

【讨论】：

这正是我想要的。谢谢！我在将它与我的数据一起使用时遇到的一个问题。对于 Total 列，我得到的是与 Employee 关联的潜在客户总数，而不是过去 7 天的潜在客户总数。
我刚刚添加了可以解决全部问题的日期过滤器。由于样本数据量很小，我没有注意到。虽然，我没有测试它，但应该可以工作。

【解决方案2】：

您需要动态生成数据透视列，然后为每个列执行 case 语句。以下是您如何做到这一点的示例：

IF OBJECT_ID('tmpEmployees_Test', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE tmpEmployees_Test;
CREATE TABLE tmpEmployees_Test (EmployeeID INT, EmployeeName VARCHAR(255));
INSERT tmpEmployees_Test (EmployeeID, EmployeeName)
VALUES (1, 'Doe, Jane'), (2, 'Doe, John'), (3, 'Guy, Some');

IF OBJECT_ID('tmpOrders_Test', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE tmpOrders_Test;
CREATE TABLE tmpOrders_Test (EmployeeID INT, Customer VARCHAR(255), Date DATE, OrderType VARCHAR(255));
INSERT tmpOrders_Test (EmployeeID, Customer, Date, OrderType)
VALUES (1, 'Fake Customer', '2016-05-14', 'New')
        , (2, 'Some Company', '2016-05-13', 'Change')
        , (3, 'Stuff Inc.', '2016-05-14', 'New')
        , (3, 'Cool Things', '2016-05-12', 'Change')
        , (3, 'Amazing Things', '2016-05-12', 'Change');

DECLARE @startDate DATE = '2016-05-14', @cols VARCHAR(MAX) = '', @cols2 VARCHAR(MAX) = '';

SELECT @cols += ', CONVERT(VARCHAR(255), SUM(CASE WHEN O.Date = ''' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(255), DATEADD(DD, X.Y, @startDate)) + ''' AND O.OrderType = ''New'' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)) + ''/'' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(255), SUM(CASE WHEN O.Date = ''' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(255), DATEADD(DD, X.Y, @startDate)) + ''' AND O.OrderType = ''Change'' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)) ' + QUOTENAME(CONVERT(VARCHAR(255), DATEADD(DD, X.Y, @startDate), 103)) + CHAR(10) + CHAR(9) + CHAR(9)
        , @cols2 += ', CASE WHEN ' + QUOTENAME(CONVERT(VARCHAR(255), DATEADD(DD, X.Y, @startDate), 103)) + ' = ''0/0'' THEN ''/'' ELSE ' + QUOTENAME(CONVERT(VARCHAR(255), DATEADD(DD, X.Y, @startDate), 103))  + ' END ' + QUOTENAME(CONVERT(VARCHAR(255), DATEADD(DD, X.Y, @startDate), 103)) + CHAR(10) + CHAR(9)
FROM (VALUES (0),(-1),(-2),(-3),(-4),(-5),(-6)) X(Y)
JOIN tmpOrders_Test O ON O.Date = DATEADD(DD, X.Y, @startDate)
GROUP BY X.Y
ORDER BY X.Y;

DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(MAX) = '
WITH T AS (
    SELECT E.EmployeeID
        , COUNT(*) Total
        ' + @cols + '
    FROM tmpEmployees_Test E
    JOIN tmpOrders_Test O ON O.EmployeeID = E.EmployeeID
    WHERE O.Date BETWEEN ''' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(255), DATEADD(dd, -6, @startDate)) + ''' AND ''' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(255), @startDate) + '''
    GROUP BY E.EmployeeID)
SELECT E.EmployeeName
    , Total
    ' + @cols2 + '
FROM T
JOIN tmpEmployees_Test E ON E.EmployeeID = T.EmployeeID;'

--PRINT @SQL;
EXEC(@SQL);

这反映了您期望的输出（据我所知），即使它看起来有点乱。不过，我不认为你可以产生你想要的输出而不让它有点混乱。

注意：动态 SQL 中的 CTE 只是去掉所有的 '0/0' 并使其成为 '/'，这似乎是最简单的方法。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

目前，您的交叉表对于简单的数据透视转换并不简单，因为您有两个条件聚合，然后将它们连接成一个字符串值。另外，您有一个总组数。

在 TSQL 中，这个查询会有点复杂。考虑以下使用两个派生表数据透视聚合查询并使用CAST 连接在一起的方法。

来源 （临时表 - 感谢@ZLK）

CREATE TABLE #tmpOrders (EmployeeID INT, Customer VARCHAR(255), 
                         Date DATE, OrderType VARCHAR(255));
INSERT #tmpOrders (EmployeeID, Customer, Date, OrderType)
VALUES (1, 'Fake Customer', '2016-05-14', 'New'),
       (2, 'Some Company', '2016-05-13', 'Change'),
       (3, 'Stuff Inc.', '2016-05-14', 'New'),
       (3, 'Cool Things', '2016-05-12', 'Change'),
       (3, 'Amazing Things', '2016-05-12', 'Change');

查询 （两个枢轴的内连接）

SELECT pvt1.Name, pvt1.Total,
       CAST(pvt1.[2016-05-12] AS VARCHAR(2)) + '/' 
            +  CAST(pvt2.[2016-05-12] AS VARCHAR(2)) As [05/12/2016], 
       CAST(pvt1.[2016-05-13] AS VARCHAR(2)) + '/' 
            +  CAST(pvt2.[2016-05-13] AS VARCHAR(2)) As [05/13/2016], 
       CAST(pvt1.[2016-05-14] AS VARCHAR(2)) + '/' 
            +  CAST(pvt2.[2016-05-14] AS VARCHAR(2)) As [05/14/2016]        
FROM     
    (SELECT t.Customer as Name, t.[Date],
            COUNT(*) As Total, 
            SUM(CASE WHEN t.OrderType = 'New' THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) AS NewOrders

      FROM #tmpOrders t
      WHERE (t.[Date] > GETDATE()-7)    
      GROUP BY t.Customer, t.[Date]) AS src1     
      PIVOT 
          (
            COUNT(src1.[NewOrders]) 
            FOR src1.[Date] IN ([2016-05-12], [2016-05-13], [2016-05-14])
          ) AS pvt1

INNER JOIN 
    (SELECT t.Customer as Name, t.[Date],
            COUNT(*) As Total, 
            SUM(CASE WHEN t.OrderType = 'Change' THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) AS ChangeOrders
      FROM #tmpOrders t
      WHERE (t.[Date] > GETDATE()-7)    
      GROUP BY t.Customer, t.[Date]) AS src1     
      PIVOT 
          (
            COUNT(src1.[ChangeOrders]) 
            FOR src1.[Date] IN ([2016-05-12], [2016-05-13], [2016-05-14])
          ) AS pvt2        
ON pvt1.Name = pvt2.Name

输出

--Name          Total   05/12/2016  05/13/2016  05/14/2016
--Amazing Things    1         0/1          0/0         0/0
--Cool Things       1         0/1          0/0         0/0
--Fake Customer     1         0/0          0/0         1/0
--Some Company      1         0/0          0/1         0/0
--Stuff Inc.        1         0/0          0/0         1/0

请注意：您在翻译中丢失的一件事是 Access 交叉表查询的动态质量，它将输出所有现有值（直到 255 列限制）。在 SQL Server 中，对于常规数据透视，您需要提前声明此类值或使用存储的过程/函数动态返回所有值。

【讨论】：