如何减少许多相似的相关子查询？

Question

这是一个更大的声明的一部分，但我想知道 CTE 或其他方法是否有助于提高效率或更清洁。我可以将它写成一个表值函数并将其包含在我的 from 子句中，但如果有其他解决方案，我想避免使用额外的对象。

这里的SELECT TOP 1 ... 子查询只是捕捉到我的汇率的生效日期早于基表，但我不喜欢为我需要访问的每一列重复它们。有没有更好的方法来实现这一点，或者这是一个正常的陈述？

SELECT j.EmployeeId
       ,j.CompanyId
       ,j.JobCode
       ,COALESCE(j.CustomWageRate, r.WageRate, (SELECT TOP 1 WageRate
                                                FROM   ContractLabor.CompanyJobRates
                                                WHERE  CompanyId = j.CompanyId
                                                       AND JobCode = j.JobCode
                                                       AND EffectiveDate < j.EffectiveDate
                                                ORDER  BY EffectiveDate DESC), 0) AS EffectiveRate
       ,COALESCE(r.CustomBurdenRateReg, (SELECT TOP 1 CustomBurdenRateReg
                                         FROM   ContractLabor.CompanyJobRates
                                         WHERE  CompanyId = j.CompanyId
                                                AND JobCode = j.JobCode
                                                AND EffectiveDate < j.EffectiveDate
                                         ORDER  BY EffectiveDate DESC)) AS CustomBurdenRateReg
       ,COALESCE(r.CustomBurdenRateOvt, (SELECT TOP 1 CustomBurdenRateOvt
                                         FROM   ContractLabor.CompanyJobRates
                                         WHERE  CompanyId = j.CompanyId
                                                AND JobCode = j.JobCode
                                                AND EffectiveDate < j.EffectiveDate
                                         ORDER  BY EffectiveDate DESC)) AS CustomBurdenRateOvt
       ,COALESCE(r.CustomBurdenRateDbl, (SELECT TOP 1 CustomBurdenRateDbl
                                         FROM   ContractLabor.CompanyJobRates
                                         WHERE  CompanyId = j.CompanyId
                                                AND JobCode = j.JobCode
                                                AND EffectiveDate < j.EffectiveDate
                                         ORDER  BY EffectiveDate DESC)) AS CustomBurdenRateDbl
       ,j.EffectiveDate
FROM   ContractLabor.EmployeeJobDetails j
       LEFT JOIN ContractLabor.CompanyJobRates r
         ON j.CompanyId = r.CompanyId
            AND j.JobCode = r.JobCode
            AND j.EffectiveDate = r.EffectiveDate

Answer 1

SELECT j.EmployeeId
       ,j.CompanyId
       ,j.JobCode
       ,COALESCE(j.CustomWageRate, r.WageRate, ca.WageRate, 0) AS EffectiveRate
       ,COALESCE(r.CustomBurdenRateReg, ca.CustomBurdenRateReg) AS CustomBurdenRateReg
       ,COALESCE(r.CustomBurdenRateOvt, ca.CustomBurdenRateOvt) AS CustomBurdenRateOvt
       ,COALESCE(r.CustomBurdenRateDbl, ca.CustomBurdenRateDbl) AS CustomBurdenRateDbl
       ,j.EffectiveDate
FROM   ContractLabor.EmployeeJobDetails j
       LEFT JOIN ContractLabor.CompanyJobRates r
         ON j.CompanyId = r.CompanyId
            AND j.JobCode = r.JobCode
            AND j.EffectiveDate = r.EffectiveDate

       OUTER APPLY --or CROSS APPLY
       (
            SELECT TOP 1 WageRate
                    ,CustomBurdenRateReg
                    ,CustomBurdenRateOvt
                    ,CustomBurdenRateDbl
            FROM   ContractLabor.CompanyJobRates
            WHERE  CompanyId = j.CompanyId
                    AND JobCode = j.JobCode
                    AND EffectiveDate < j.EffectiveDate
            ORDER  BY EffectiveDate DESC       
       ) ca  

Answer 2

您可以使用 cross apply / top 1 在外部查询中加入派生表表达式，并一次选择所有相关列。

您的查询可能如下所示：

SELECT ..., ISNULL(x, defaultValues.x)
FROM ...
  CROSS APPLY (SELECT TOP(1) x, y, z FROM ... WHERE ... ORDER BY ...) defaultValues

这样会更有效，因为查询中的连接更少（您原来的每个相关子查询都会变成一个外连接）。

您还可以将 OUTER APPLY 用于类似外部连接的功能。