【发布时间】:2016-02-25 12:27:16
【问题描述】:
我正在尝试实现一个简单的vector 类,它使用expression templates 以避免低效地实现诸如vector w = x + y + z 之类的表达式(实现将首先生成一个临时向量来保存x + y,然后生成另一个 vector 并添加 z 的元素):
namespace math
{
template<class E>
class expression
{
public:
auto size() const {
return static_cast<E const&>(*this).size();
}
auto operator[](std::size_t i) const
{
if (i >= size())
throw std::length_error("");
return static_cast<E const&>(*this)[i];
}
operator E&() { return static_cast<E&>(*this); }
operator E const&() const { return static_cast<E const&>(*this); }
}; // class expression
template<typename T, class Allocator = std::allocator<T>>
class vector
: public expression<vector<T>>
{
private:
using data_type = std::vector<T, Allocator>;
data_type m_data;
public:
using value_type = T;
using allocator_type = Allocator;
using size_type = typename data_type::size_type;
using difference_type = typename data_type::difference_type;
using reference = typename data_type::reference;
using const_reference = typename data_type::const_reference;
using pointer = typename data_type::pointer ;
using const_pointer = typename data_type::const_pointer;
vector(size_type d)
: m_data(d)
{ }
vector(std::initializer_list<value_type> init)
: m_data(init)
{ }
template<class E>
vector(expression<E> const& expression)
: m_data(expression.size())
{
for (size_type i = 0; i < expression.size(); ++i)
m_data[i] = expression[i];
}
size_type size() const {
return m_data.size();
}
value_type operator[](size_type i) const { return m_data[i]; }
value_type& operator[](size_type i) { return m_data[i]; };
}; // class vector
namespace detail
{
template<typename T>
class scalar
: public expression<scalar<T>>
{
public:
using value_type = T;
using allocator_type = std::allocator<void>;
using size_type = typename std::allocator<T>::size_type;
using difference_type = typename std::allocator<T>::difference_type;
using reference = typename std::allocator<T>::reference;
using const_reference = typename std::allocator<T>::const_reference;
using pointer = typename std::allocator<T>::pointer;
using const_pointer = typename std::allocator<T>::const_pointer;
scalar(value_type value)
: m_value(value)
{ }
size_type size() const {
return 0;
}
operator value_type&() { return static_cast<value_type&>(*this); }
operator value_type const&() const { return static_cast<value_type const&>(*this); }
value_type operator[](size_type i) const { return m_value; }
value_type& operator[](size_type i) { return m_value; }
private:
value_type m_value;
}; // class scalar
template<class>
struct is_scalar : std::false_type { };
template<class T>
struct is_scalar<scalar<T>> : std::true_type { };
} // namespace detail
template<class E1, class E2, class BinaryOperation>
class vector_binary_operation
: public expression<vector_binary_operation<E1, E2, BinaryOperation>>
{
public:
using value_type = decltype(BinaryOperation()(typename E1::value_type(), typename E2::value_type()));
using allocator_type = std::conditional_t<
detail::is_scalar<E1>::value,
typename E2::allocator_type::template rebind<value_type>::other,
typename E1::allocator_type::template rebind<value_type>::other>;
private:
using vector_type = vector<value_type, allocator_type>;
public:
using size_type = typename vector_type::size_type;
using difference_type = typename vector_type::difference_type;
using reference = typename vector_type::reference;
using const_reference = typename vector_type::const_reference;
using pointer = typename vector_type::pointer;
using const_pointer = typename vector_type::const_pointer;
vector_binary_operation(expression<E1> const& e1, expression<E2> const& e2, BinaryOperation op)
: m_e1(e1), m_e2(e2),
m_op(op)
{
if (e1.size() > 0 && e2.size() > 0 && !(e1.size() == e2.size()))
throw std::logic_error("");
}
size_type size() const {
return m_e1.size(); // == m_e2.size()
}
value_type operator[](size_type i) const {
return m_op(m_e1[i], m_e2[i]);
}
private:
E1 m_e1;
E2 m_e2;
//E1 const& m_e1;
//E2 const& m_e2;
BinaryOperation m_op;
}; // class vector_binary_operation
template<class E1, class E2>
vector_binary_operation<E1, E2, std::plus<>>
operator+(expression<E1> const& e1, expression<E2> const& e2) {
return{ e1, e2, std::plus<>() };
}
template<class E1, class E2>
vector_binary_operation<E1, E2, std::minus<>>
operator-(expression<E1> const& e1, expression<E2> const& e2) {
return{ e1, e2, std::minus<>() };
}
template<class E1, class E2>
vector_binary_operation<E1, E2, std::multiplies<>>
operator*(expression<E1> const& e1, expression<E2> const& e2) {
return{ e1, e2, std::multiplies<>() };
}
template<class E1, class E2>
vector_binary_operation<E1, E2, std::divides<>>
operator/(expression<E1> const& e1, expression<E2> const& e2) {
return{ e1, e2, std::divides<>() };
}
template<class E, typename T>
vector_binary_operation<E, detail::scalar<T>, std::divides<>>
operator/(expression<E> const& expr, T val) {
return{ expr, detail::scalar<T>(val), std::divides<>() };
}
template<class E, typename T>
vector_binary_operation<E, detail::scalar<T>, std::multiplies<>>
operator*(T val, expression<E> const& expr) {
return{ expr, detail::scalar<T>(val), std::multiplies<>() };
}
template<class E, typename T>
vector_binary_operation<E, detail::scalar<T>, std::multiplies<>>
operator*(expression<E> const& expr, T val) {
return{ expr, detail::scalar<T>(val), std::multiplies<>() };
}
} // namespace math
我不知道我需要如何处理vector_binary_operation 中的expression 成员变量。将它们声明为 const 引用是有意义的,因为代码的重点是避免不必要的复制。但是,如果我们写sum = a + b + c,我们最终将保留对临时a + b 的引用。执行sum[0] 将在该临时调用operator()[0]。但是该对象在上一行之后被删除了。
我该怎么办?
【问题讨论】:
-
std::vector具有移动语义,因此不应有任何临时副本。另见:stackoverflow.com/questions/10720122/… -
@NathanOliver 你误解了我的意思。我的意思是
m_e1和m_e2可能包含一些vectors 的副本。 -
C++11 引入了移动语义,它允许您从临时对象中窃取内容。简化示例:coliru。现在,如果您想以不同的方式处理临时对象和引用(即,获得临时对象的所有权,但通过 const 引用持有非临时对象),这可能会带来一些模板乐趣 :)
-
@melak47 以不同方式处理临时对象和引用似乎是个好主意,但我不知道该怎么做。
-
我想知道它是否真的有必要 - 一旦创建了你可以操纵你的向量操作吗?如果没有,我认为复制那些懒惰评估的操作没有太大的危害,然后你不需要特殊处理