如何优化 SQL 查询以检查表中列值的一致性

Question

我想跨多个表检查每个表中是否存在相同的键/相同数量的键。

目前我已经创建了一个解决方案，它检查每个表的键数，当所有表合并在一起时检查键数，然后进行比较。

这个解决方案有效，但我想知道是否有更优化的解决方案......

目前的示例解决方案：

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT variable) AS num_ids FROM table_a;

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT variable) AS num_ids FROM table_b;

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT variable) AS num_ids FROM table_c;

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT a.variable) AS num_ids
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT VARIABLE FROM table_a) a
  INNER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT VARIABLE FROM table_b) b ON a.variable = b.variable
  INNER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT VARIABLE FROM table_c) c ON a.variable = c.variable;

更新：

我在一个查询中将这些放在一起面临的困难是任何表在我要检查的 VARIABLE 上可能不是唯一的，因此我必须在合并之前使用 distinct 以避免扩展加入

Answer 1

由于我们只是计算，我认为没有必要加入variable 列上的表格。 UNION 应该足够了。 我们仍然必须使用DISTINCT 来忽略/抑制重复，这通常意味着额外的排序。 variable 上的索引应该有助于获取单独表的计数，但对获取组合表的计数没有帮助。

以下是比较两个表的示例：

WITH
CTE_A
AS
(
    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT variable) AS CountA
    FROM TableA
)
,CTE_B
AS
(
    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT variable) AS CountB
    FROM TableB
)
,CTE_AB
AS
(
    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT variable) AS CountAB
    FROM
    (
        SELECT variable
        FROM TableA

        UNION ALL 
        -- sic! use ALL here to avoid sort when merging two tables
        -- there should be only one distinct sort for the outer `COUNT`

        SELECT variable
        FROM TableB
    ) AS AB
)
SELECT
    CASE WHEN CountA = CountAB AND CountB = CountAB 
    THEN 'same' ELSE 'different' END AS ResultAB
FROM
    CTE_A
    CROSS JOIN CTE_B
    CROSS JOIN CTE_AB
;

三个表：

WITH
CTE_A
AS
(
    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT variable) AS CountA
    FROM TableA
)
,CTE_B
AS
(
    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT variable) AS CountB
    FROM TableB
)
,CTE_C
AS
(
    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT variable) AS CountC
    FROM TableC
)
,CTE_ABC
AS
(
    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT variable) AS CountABC
    FROM
    (
        SELECT variable
        FROM TableA

        UNION ALL 
        -- sic! use ALL here to avoid sort when merging two tables
        -- there should be only one distinct sort for the outer `COUNT`

        SELECT variable
        FROM TableB

        UNION ALL 
        -- sic! use ALL here to avoid sort when merging two tables
        -- there should be only one distinct sort for the outer `COUNT`

        SELECT variable
        FROM TableC
    ) AS AB
)
SELECT
    CASE WHEN CountA = CountABC AND CountB = CountABC AND CountC = CountABC 
    THEN 'same' ELSE 'different' END AS ResultABC
FROM
    CTE_A
    CROSS JOIN CTE_B
    CROSS JOIN CTE_C
    CROSS JOIN CTE_ABC
;

我特意选择了CTE，因为据我所知，Postgres 实现了CTE，在我们的例子中，每个CTE 将只有一行。

---

使用array_agg with order by 是更好的变体，如果它在 redshift 上可用的话。您仍需要使用DISTINCT，但不必将所有表合并在一起。

WITH
CTE_A
AS
(
    SELECT array_agg(DISTINCT variable ORDER BY variable) AS A
    FROM TableA
)
,CTE_B
AS
(
    SELECT array_agg(DISTINCT variable ORDER BY variable) AS B
    FROM TableB
)
,CTE_C
AS
(
    SELECT array_agg(DISTINCT variable ORDER BY variable) AS C
    FROM TableC
)
SELECT
    CASE WHEN A = B AND B = C
    THEN 'same' ELSE 'different' END AS ResultABC
FROM
    CTE_A
    CROSS JOIN CTE_B
    CROSS JOIN CTE_C
;

Answer 2

好吧，这可能是我可以为你构建的最糟糕的 SQL 了 :) 我将永远否认我写了这个并且我的 stackoverflow 帐户被黑了;)

SELECT
  'All OK'
WHERE
  ( SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT id) FROM table_a ) = ( SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT id) FROM table_b )
  AND ( SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT id) FROM table_b ) = ( SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT id) FROM table_c )

顺便说一句，这不会优化查询 - 它仍在执行三个查询（但我猜它比 4 个更好？）。

更新：根据您的以下用例：新的 sql fiddle http://sqlfiddle.com/#!15/a0403/1

SELECT DISTINCT
  tbl_a.a_count,
  tbl_b.b_count,
  tbl_c.c_count
FROM
  ( SELECT COUNT(id) a_count, array_agg(id order by id) ids FROM table_a) tbl_a,
  ( SELECT COUNT(id) b_count, array_agg(id order by id) ids FROM table_b) tbl_b,
  ( SELECT COUNT(id) c_count, array_agg(id order by id) ids FROM table_c) tbl_c
WHERE
  tbl_a.ids = tbl_b.ids
  AND tbl_b.ids = tbl_c.ids

只有当所有表的行数相同时，上述查询才会返回，确保 IDS 也相同。