您需要了解闭包的变量捕获的想法。
考虑这个例子:
struct Calculator {
var a: Int
var b: Int
var sum: Int {
return a + b
}
}
然后你将它用作:
let calculator = Calculator(a: 3, b: 5)
// You define a closure where you will use this calculator instance
let closure = {
// closure captures the variables that are declared prior to the declaration of the closure.
// your calculator instance is being captured here
// it's default variable capture
print("The result is \(calculator.sum)")
}
closure() // Prints "The result is 8"
到目前为止,一切都很好。你得到了预期的结果。
现在考虑将计算器实例声明为var,因为在某些时候您需要改变它的状态。这就是复杂性出现的情况。看:
var calculator = Calculator(a: 3, b: 5)
let closure = {
print("The result is \(calculator.sum)")
}
// You change the state of your calculator instance anytime before the closure gets executed
calculator.b = 20
// When the closure actually executes, you will be affected by any changes outside the closure
closure() // Prints "The result is 23"
因此,默认变量捕获并没有真正帮助您,而是在您的情况下造成问题。
如果您想阻止这种行为并打印 8,即使属性在闭包内捕获后发生变化,我们也可以使用 捕获列表 em> 像这样:
// [calculator] is your capture list
let closure = { [calculator] in
print("The result is \(calculator.sum)")
}
// change anything with calculator instance
calculator.b = 20
// execute the closure
closure() // Prints "The result is 8"
捕获列表保留变量的不可变副本。感谢这个副本,在闭包之外对计算器的进一步更改不会影响闭包。
您可以一次捕获多个变量,因此称为捕获列表。示例:
let closure = { [variable1, variable2, variable3] in
print(variable1)
print(variable2)
print(variable3)
}
我推荐你阅读这篇文章Capturing Values In Swift Closures。
现在,在您的情况下,spotifyClient 是一个可能负责进行 API 调用的类的实例。此实例可能需要一些更改才能调用不同的 API。因此,为了防止在此闭包之外对 spotifyClient 的任何更改产生影响,您可以在 Capture List 中捕获此实例。
捕获列表与参数列表:
您将参数列表与捕获列表混淆了。通用语法是:
{ [capture list] (parameter list) in
...
...
}
现在看看上面例子的修改版本:
let closure: (String)-> Void = { [calculator] stringParameter in // When using single parameter, you can always omit the () parentheses
print("\(stringParameter). The result is \(calculator.sum)")
}
// change anything with calculator instance
calculator.b = 20
// execute the closure
closure("Hey") // Prints "Hey. The result is 8"