【发布时间】：2019-11-13 18:04:19
【问题描述】：
所以我曾经使用 Code::Blocks IDE，并且非常喜欢它。最近我切换到 Visual Studio。我下载了 VS Express，它是 600mb，我每天只能使用 1gb 数据，我没有 Wi-Fi，所以我这是我唯一的选择。我插入了在 Code::Blocks 中正确编译的相同代码，它需要一些调整才能使其在 VS 中工作，但是当我最终检查它时，输出完全不同，而不是命令行俄罗斯方块，它出现故障并用奇怪的字符填充命令提示符。
这是我稍作调整以使其在 VS 中工作的代码：
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
int nScreenHeight = 30;
int nScreenWidth = 80;
int nFieldWidth = 10;
int nFieldHeight = 25;
unsigned char *pField = NULL;
wstring tetromine[7];
int currentPiece = 0;
int currentRotation = 0;
int currentX = (nFieldWidth/2);
int currentY = 0;
unsigned int score = 0;
int pieceCounter = 0;
int speed = 20;
int speedCounter = 0;
bool forcePieceDown =false;
bool key[4];
bool shiftGridDown = false;
int rotate(int px,int py,int r)
{
switch(r/90)
{
case 0:
return py*4+px;//0 degs
case 1:
return 12+py - (px*4);//90 degs
case 2:
return 15 - (py*4) - px;//180 degs
case 3:
return 3 - py + (px*4);//270 degs
}
return 0;
}
int doesPieceFit(int id,int rot, int x, int y)
{
for(int px = 0;px<4;px++){
for(int py = 0;py<4;py++){
int pi = rotate(px,py,rot);
int fi = (y+py) * nFieldWidth + (x+px);
if(x + px>= 0 && x+px < nFieldWidth){
if(tetromine[id][pi] == L'X' && pField[fi]!=0){
return false;
}
}
}
}
return true;
}
void lineCheck(){
bool line = true;
int lines = 0;
for(int y = 0; y<= nFieldHeight-1;y++){
for(int x = 1; x< nFieldWidth-1;x++){
if(pField[(y)*nFieldWidth+x]!=0){
line &= true;
} else line &= false;
}
if(line) lines++;
if(line){
for(int x = 1; x< nFieldWidth-1;x++){
pField[(y)*nFieldWidth+x] = 8;
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
//assets
tetromine[0].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[0].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[0].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[0].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[1].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[1].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[1].append(L".X..");
tetromine[1].append(L"....");
tetromine[2].append(L".X..");
tetromine[2].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[2].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[2].append(L"....");
tetromine[3].append(L"....");
tetromine[3].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[3].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[3].append(L"....");
tetromine[4].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[4].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[4].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[4].append(L"....");
tetromine[5].append(L"....");
tetromine[5].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[5].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[5].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[6].append(L"....");
tetromine[6].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[6].append(L".X..");
tetromine[6].append(L".X..");
pField = new unsigned char[nFieldWidth*nFieldHeight];
for(int x = 0; x<nFieldWidth; x++)
{
for(int y = 0; y<nFieldHeight; y++)
{
pField[y*nFieldWidth + x] = (x==0||x==nFieldWidth -1 || y == nFieldHeight - 1) ? 9 : 0;
}
}
char *screen = new char [nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight];
HANDLE hConsole = CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER, NULL);
SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(hConsole);
DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
//Display frame
COORD here;
here.X = 0;
here.Y = 0;
WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, (LPCWSTR)screen, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight,here, &dwBytesWritten);
bool gameOver = false;
while(!gameOver)
{
Sleep(100);
speedCounter++;
if(speedCounter>=speed){
forcePieceDown = true;
speedCounter = 0;
} else {
forcePieceDown = false;
}
if(shiftGridDown){
score++;
for(int y = nFieldHeight-2;y > 0;y--){
for(int x = 1;x<nFieldWidth -1;x++){
if((pField[(y)*nFieldWidth+x]) != 0){
pField[(y+1)*nFieldWidth+x] = pField[(y)*nFieldWidth+x];
pField[(y)*nFieldWidth+x] = 0;
}
}
}
shiftGridDown = false;
lineCheck();
}
for(int x = 1; x< nFieldWidth-1;x++){
if(pField[(nFieldHeight-2)*nFieldWidth+x]==8){
pField[(nFieldHeight-2)*nFieldWidth+x]=0;
if(x==nFieldWidth-2){
shiftGridDown = true;
score+=100;
}
}
}
for(int k = 0;k<4;k++){ // R L D Z
key[k] = (0x8000 & GetAsyncKeyState((unsigned char)("DASZ"[k]))) != 0;
}
if(key[1]){
if(doesPieceFit(currentPiece,currentRotation,currentX-1,currentY)){
currentX = currentX-1;
}
}else if(key[0]){
if(doesPieceFit(currentPiece,currentRotation,currentX+1,currentY)){
currentX = currentX+1;
}
}if(key[2]){
speedCounter = speed;
}
if(key[3]&&doesPieceFit(currentPiece,currentRotation+90,currentX,currentY)){
(currentRotation+90<=270)?currentRotation+=90:currentRotation=0;
}
if(forcePieceDown){
if(doesPieceFit(currentPiece,currentRotation,currentX,currentY+1))
currentY++;
else {
//lock piece
pieceCounter++;
if(pieceCounter%5==0){
speed-=1;
}
for(int px = 0;px<4;px++){
for(int py = 0;py<4;py++){
if(tetromine[currentPiece][rotate(px,py,currentRotation)]==L'X'){
pField[(currentY+py)*nFieldWidth+(currentX+px)] = currentPiece+1;
}
}
}
score+=20;
//check lines
lineCheck();
//get next piece
currentX = nFieldWidth/2;
currentY = 0;
currentRotation = 0;
srand(time(0));
currentPiece = rand() % 7;
//check game over
gameOver = !doesPieceFit(currentPiece,currentRotation,currentX,currentY);
}
}
//draw field
for(int x = 0; x < nFieldWidth; x++)
{
for(int y = 0; y < nFieldHeight; y++)
{
screen[(y+2)*nScreenWidth + (x+ 2)] = L" xxxxxxx=#"[pField[y*nFieldWidth + x]];
}
}
//draw piece
for(int px = 0;px<4;px++){
for(int py = 0;py<4;py++){
if(tetromine[currentPiece][rotate(px,py,currentRotation)] == L'X'){
screen[(currentY+py+2)*nScreenWidth+(currentX+px+2)] = '+';
}
}
}
string s("Score -> ");
string num;
int tmp = score;
while(tmp!=0){
int rem = tmp%10;
tmp /= 10;
num = ((char)(48+rem)) + num;
}
s+=num;
for(int i = 0; i<s.size();i++){
screen[i] = s[i];
}
//display frame
WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, (LPCWSTR)screen, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight,here, &dwBytesWritten);
}
return 0;
}
这是原始代码：
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
int nScreenHeight = 30;
int nScreenWidth = 80;
int nFieldWidth = 10;
int nFieldHeight = 25;
unsigned char *pField = NULL;
wstring tetromine[7];
int currentPiece = 0;
int currentRotation = 0;
int currentX = (nFieldWidth/2);
int currentY = 0;
unsigned int score = 0;
int pieceCounter = 0;
int speed = 20;
int speedCounter = 0;
bool forcePieceDown =false;
bool key[4];
bool shiftGridDown = false;
int rotate(int px,int py,int r)
{
switch(r/90)
{
case 0:
return py*4+px;//0 degs
case 1:
return 12+py - (px*4);//90 degs
case 2:
return 15 - (py*4) - px;//180 degs
case 3:
return 3 - py + (px*4);//270 degs
}
return 0;
}
int doesPieceFit(int id,int rot, int x, int y)
{
for(int px = 0;px<4;px++){
for(int py = 0;py<4;py++){
int pi = rotate(px,py,rot);
int fi = (y+py) * nFieldWidth + (x+px);
if(x + px>= 0 && x+px < nFieldWidth){
if(tetromine[id][pi] == L'X' && pField[fi]!=0){
return false;
}
}
}
}
return true;
}
void lineCheck(){
bool line = true;
int lines = 0;
for(int y = 0; y<= nFieldHeight-1;y++){
for(int x = 1; x< nFieldWidth-1;x++){
if(pField[(y)*nFieldWidth+x]!=0){
line &= true;
} else line &= false;
}
if(line) lines++;
if(line){
for(int x = 1; x< nFieldWidth-1;x++){
pField[(y)*nFieldWidth+x] = 8;
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
//assets
tetromine[0].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[0].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[0].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[0].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[1].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[1].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[1].append(L".X..");
tetromine[1].append(L"....");
tetromine[2].append(L".X..");
tetromine[2].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[2].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[2].append(L"....");
tetromine[3].append(L"....");
tetromine[3].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[3].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[3].append(L"....");
tetromine[4].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[4].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[4].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[4].append(L"....");
tetromine[5].append(L"....");
tetromine[5].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[5].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[5].append(L"..X.");
tetromine[6].append(L"....");
tetromine[6].append(L".XX.");
tetromine[6].append(L".X..");
tetromine[6].append(L".X..");
pField = new unsigned char[nFieldWidth*nFieldHeight];
for(int x = 0; x<nFieldWidth; x++)
{
for(int y = 0; y<nFieldHeight; y++)
{
pField[y*nFieldWidth + x] = (x==0||x==nFieldWidth -1 || y == nFieldHeight - 1) ? 9 : 0;
}
}
char *screen = new char [nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight];
HANDLE hConsole = CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER, NULL);
SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(hConsole);
DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
//Display frame
WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, screen, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, {0,0}, &dwBytesWritten);
bool gameOver = false;
while(!gameOver)
{
Sleep(100);
speedCounter++;
if(speedCounter>=speed){
forcePieceDown = true;
speedCounter = 0;
} else {
forcePieceDown = false;
}
if(shiftGridDown){
score++;
for(int y = nFieldHeight-2;y > 0;y--){
for(int x = 1;x<nFieldWidth -1;x++){
if((pField[(y)*nFieldWidth+x]) != 0){
pField[(y+1)*nFieldWidth+x] = pField[(y)*nFieldWidth+x];
pField[(y)*nFieldWidth+x] = 0;
}
}
}
shiftGridDown = false;
lineCheck();
}
for(int x = 1; x< nFieldWidth-1;x++){
if(pField[(nFieldHeight-2)*nFieldWidth+x]==8){
pField[(nFieldHeight-2)*nFieldWidth+x]=0;
if(x==nFieldWidth-2){
shiftGridDown = true;
score+=100;
}
}
}
for(int k = 0;k<4;k++){ // R L D Z
key[k] = (0x8000 & GetAsyncKeyState((unsigned char)("DASZ"[k]))) != 0;
}
if(key[1]){
if(doesPieceFit(currentPiece,currentRotation,currentX-1,currentY)){
currentX = currentX-1;
}
}else if(key[0]){
if(doesPieceFit(currentPiece,currentRotation,currentX+1,currentY)){
currentX = currentX+1;
}
}if(key[2]){
speedCounter = speed;
}
if(key[3]&&doesPieceFit(currentPiece,currentRotation+90,currentX,currentY)){
(currentRotation+90<=270)?currentRotation+=90:currentRotation=0;
}
if(forcePieceDown){
if(doesPieceFit(currentPiece,currentRotation,currentX,currentY+1))
currentY++;
else {
//lock piece
pieceCounter++;
if(pieceCounter%5==0){
speed-=1;
}
for(int px = 0;px<4;px++){
for(int py = 0;py<4;py++){
if(tetromine[currentPiece][rotate(px,py,currentRotation)]==L'X'){
pField[(currentY+py)*nFieldWidth+(currentX+px)] = currentPiece+1;
}
}
}
score+=20;
//check lines
lineCheck();
//get next piece
currentX = nFieldWidth/2;
currentY = 0;
currentRotation = 0;
srand(time(0));
currentPiece = rand() % 7;
//check game over
gameOver = !doesPieceFit(currentPiece,currentRotation,currentX,currentY);
}
}
//draw field
for(int x = 0; x < nFieldWidth; x++)
{
for(int y = 0; y < nFieldHeight; y++)
{
screen[(y+2)*nScreenWidth + (x+ 2)] = L" xxxxxxx=#"[pField[y*nFieldWidth + x]];
}
}
//draw piece
for(int px = 0;px<4;px++){
for(int py = 0;py<4;py++){
if(tetromine[currentPiece][rotate(px,py,currentRotation)] == L'X'){
screen[(currentY+py+2)*nScreenWidth+(currentX+px+2)] = '+';
}
}
}
string s("Score -> ");
string num;
int tmp = score;
while(tmp!=0){
int rem = tmp%10;
tmp /= 10;
num = ((char)(48+rem)) + num;
}
s+=num;
for(int i = 0; i<s.size();i++){
screen[i] = s[i];
}
//display frame
WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, screen, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, { 0, 0}, &dwBytesWritten);
}
return 0;
}
【问题讨论】：
-
使用调试器。
-
如果代码行为不同，当使用不同的编译器时，通常，这意味着：你的代码依赖于某种未定义行为的行为。编译器无法正常工作是一个大胆的主张。在 99.99% 的情况下，这种说法是错误的。
-
由于您在原始代码中添加了
(LPCWSTR)，因此编译器似乎在抱怨screen的类型错误。如果您不确定它们的作用，请不要添加显式强制转换。此演员表不将窄字符串更改为宽字符串。相反，它将导致未定义的行为。而不是这样做，搜索（如果你没有找到任何东西）询问错误消息的含义。也使用static_cast或reinterpret_cast代替 C 风格的强制转换。
标签： c++ visual-studio visual-studio-express