SwiftUI 结合 Publisher targetstruct 来解码数据

Question

我在 SwiftUI 中使用 Combine 时遇到了一些困难，它发出一个 API 请求，然后解码数据并返回它。当调用 API 服务时，它会在 'AnyPublisher' 中声明结果将是这种类型。但是，我想重用 API 服务并解码对不同模型结构的响应。如何在定义将返回的数据解码为哪个数据结构时调用 API 服务？例如，在另一个 ViewModel 中，我想将 API 数据解码为“NewsUpdatesResponse”而不是“UserLoginResponse”。我现在的代码如下：

大部分代码来自：tundsdev

API 服务

struct APIService {

func request(from endpoint: APIRequest, body: String) -> AnyPublisher<UserLoginResponse, APIError> {
    
    var request = endpoint.urlRequest
    request.httpMethod = endpoint.method
    
    if endpoint.authenticated == true {
        request.setValue("testToken", forHTTPHeaderField: "token")
    }
    if body != "" {
        let finalBody = body.data(using: .utf8)
        request.httpBody = finalBody
    }
    
    return URLSession
        .shared
        .dataTaskPublisher(for: request)
        .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
        .mapError { _ in APIError.unknown}
        .flatMap { data, response -> AnyPublisher<UserLoginResponse, APIError> in
            
            guard let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse else {
                return Fail(error: APIError.unknown).eraseToAnyPublisher()
            }
            
            print(response.statusCode)
            
            if response.statusCode == 200 {
                let jsonDecoder = JSONDecoder()
                
                return Just(data)
                    .decode(type: UserLoginResponse.self, decoder: jsonDecoder)
                    .mapError { _ in APIError.decodingError }
                    .eraseToAnyPublisher()
            }
            else {
                return Fail(error: APIError.errorCode(response.statusCode)).eraseToAnyPublisher()
            }
        }
        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
    }
}

登录视图模型

class LoginViewModel: ObservableObject {

@Published var loginState: ResultState = .loading

private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
private let service: APIService

init(service: APIService) {
    self.service = service
}

func login(username: String, password: String) {
    
    self.loginState = .loading
    
    let cancellable = service
        .request(from: .login, body: "username=admin&password=admin")
        .sink { res in
            print(res)
            switch res {
            case .finished:
                self.loginState = .success
            case .failure(let error):
                self.loginState = .failed(error: error)
            }
        } receiveValue: { response in
            print(response)
        }
    
    self.cancellables.insert(cancellable)
    }
}

Answer 1

以下内容未经测试，但您可以尝试使用通用 Decodable：

struct APIService {
    
    func request<T: Decodable>(from endpoint: APIRequest, body: String) -> AnyPublisher<T, APIError> { 
        
        var request = endpoint.urlRequest
        request.httpMethod = endpoint.method
        
        if endpoint.authenticated == true {
            request.setValue("testToken", forHTTPHeaderField: "token")
        }
        if body != "" {
            let finalBody = body.data(using: .utf8)
            request.httpBody = finalBody
        }
        
        return URLSession
            .shared
            .dataTaskPublisher(for: request)
            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
            .mapError { _ in APIError.unknown}
            .flatMap { data, response -> AnyPublisher<T, APIError> in  // <-- here
                
                guard let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse else {
                    return Fail(error: APIError.unknown).eraseToAnyPublisher()
                }
                
                print(response.statusCode)
                
                if response.statusCode == 200 {
                    let jsonDecoder = JSONDecoder()
                    return Just(data)
                        .decode(type: T.self, decoder: jsonDecoder)  // <-- here
                        .mapError { _ in APIError.decodingError }
                        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
                }
                else {
                    return Fail(error: APIError.errorCode(response.statusCode)).eraseToAnyPublisher()
                }
            }
            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
    }
}

你可能还想返回一个这样的 Decodable 数组：

func requestThem<T: Decodable>(from endpoint: APIRequest, body: String) -> AnyPublisher<[T], APIError> {
  ....
  .flatMap { data, response -> AnyPublisher<[T], APIError> in
  ...
  .decode(type: [T].self, decoder: jsonDecoder)
  ...

Answer 2

在workingdog 的帮助下，对我有用的最终解决方案如下。

API 服务

struct APIService {

func request<T: Decodable>(ofType type: T.Type, from endpoint: APIRequest, body: String) -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> {
    
    var request = endpoint.urlRequest
    request.httpMethod = endpoint.method
    
    if endpoint.authenticated == true {
        request.setValue("testToken", forHTTPHeaderField: "token")
    }
    if body != "" {
        let finalBody = body.data(using: .utf8)
        request.httpBody = finalBody
    }
    
    return URLSession
        .shared
        .dataTaskPublisher(for: request)
        .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
        .mapError { _ in Error.unknown}
        .flatMap { data, response -> AnyPublisher<T, Error> in
            
            guard let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse else {
                return Fail(error: Error.unknown).eraseToAnyPublisher()
            }
            
            print(response.statusCode)
            let jsonDecoder = JSONDecoder()
            
            if response.statusCode == 200 {
                return Just(data)
                    .decode(type: T.self, decoder: jsonDecoder)
                    .mapError { _ in Error.decodingError }
                    .eraseToAnyPublisher()
            }
            else {
                do {
                    let errorMessage = try jsonDecoder.decode(APIErrorMessage.self, from: data)
                    return Fail(error: Error.errorCode(statusCode: response.statusCode, errorMessage: errorMessage.error ?? "Er is iets foutgegaan")).eraseToAnyPublisher()
                }
                catch {
                    return Fail(error: Error.decodingError).eraseToAnyPublisher()
                }
            }
        }
        .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     }
 }

登录视图模型

class LoginViewModel: ObservableObject {

@Published var loginState: ResultState = .loading

private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
private let service: APIService

init(service: APIService) {
    self.service = service
}

func login(username: String, password: String) {
    
    self.loginState = .loading
    
    let preparedBody = APIPrepper.prepBody(parametersDict: ["username": username, "password": password])

    let cancellable = service.request(ofType: UserLoginResponse.self, from: .login, body: preparedBody).sink { res in
        switch res {
        case .finished:
            self.loginState = .success
            print(self.loginState)
        case .failure(let error):
            self.loginState = .failed(stateIdentifier: error.statusCode, errorMessage: error.errorMessage)
            print(self.loginState)
        }
    } receiveValue: { response in
        print(response)
    }
    
    self.cancellables.insert(cancellable)
    }
}

请注意，与此同时，我对用户名和密码参数的传递做了一些小改动。