Urllib2 在 python 中使用 Tor

Question

我正在尝试使用 Python 编写的爬虫来爬取网站，并希望将 Tor 与 Python 集成，这意味着我想使用 Tor 匿名爬取网站。

我在 stackoverflow 上找到了一些答案，但没有一个对我有用。

---

这是我从Urllib2 using Tor and socks in python找到的第一个解决方案

import socks
import socket
import urllib2    
socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_HTTP, "127.0.0.1", 9050)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
print urllib2.urlopen('http://my-ip.herokuapp.com').read()

但我得到以下错误

(501, 'Tor is not an HTTP Proxy')

---

那么，How can I use a SOCKS 4/5 proxy with urllib2? 接受的答案

import socks
import socket
socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, "127.0.0.1", 8080)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
import urllib2
print urllib2.urlopen('http://www.google.com').read()

我得到以下错误

<urlopen error [Errno 111] Connection refused>

---

那么，来自Python urllib over TOR?的最高投票答案

import socks
import socket
def create_connection(address, timeout=None, source_address=None):
    sock = socks.socksocket()
    sock.connect(address)
    return sock

socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, "127.0.0.1", 9050)

# patch the socket module
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
socket.create_connection = create_connection

import urllib2

我的测试 url 是“http://almien.co.uk/m/tools/net/ip/”，上面的代码会运行 2 分钟，并以下面的错误结束

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/socks.py", line 369, in connect
    self.__negotiatesocks5(destpair[0],destpair[1])
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/socks.py", line 236, in __negotiatesocks5
    raise Socks5Error(ord(resp[1]),_generalerrors[ord(resp[1])])
IndexError: tuple index out of range

有人评论说最新的端口是9150但是9050，所以我再次尝试使用9150，并得到以下错误

urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [Errno 111] Connection refused>

更新

在我的机器上添加 Tor 信息。

root@xxxxxxx:~# tor
Apr 22 14:14:39.818 [notice] Tor v0.2.4.20 (git-0d50b03673670de6) running on Linux with Libevent 2.0.21-stable and OpenSSL 1.0.1f.
Apr 22 14:14:39.818 [notice] Tor can't help you if you use it wrong! Learn how to be safe at https://www.torproject.org/download/download#warning
Apr 22 14:14:39.818 [notice] Read configuration file "/etc/tor/torrc".
Apr 22 14:14:39.820 [notice] Opening Socks listener on 127.0.0.1:9050
Apr 22 14:14:39.000 [notice] Parsing GEOIP IPv4 file /usr/share/tor/geoip.
Apr 22 14:14:39.000 [notice] Parsing GEOIP IPv6 file /usr/share/tor/geoip6.
Apr 22 14:14:39.000 [warn] You are running Tor as root. You don't need to, and you probably shouldn't.
Apr 22 14:14:39.000 [warn] OpenSSL version from headers does not match the version we're running with. If you get weird crashes, that might be why. (Compiled with 1000105f: OpenSSL 1.0.1e 11 Feb 2013; running with 1000106f: OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014).
Apr 22 14:14:40.000 [notice] Bootstrapped 5%: Connecting to directory server.

Answer 1

然后开始：

import socket
import urllib

import socks  # SocksiPy module
import stem.process

SOCKS_PORT = 9050

# Set socks proxy and wrap the urllib module

socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, '127.0.0.1', SOCKS_PORT)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket

# Perform DNS resolution through the socket

def getaddrinfo(*args):
  return [(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 6, '', (args[0], args[1]))]

socket.getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo

print urllib.urlopen('http://my-ip.herokuapp.com').read()

基于使用 stem 的 to_russia_with_love 代码。如果你也想从 python 启动 tor，你应该查看stem。