如何计算 PostGIS 中离线串最近的点？答案

【问题标题】：How to calculate nearest point to a linestring in PostGIS?如何计算 PostGIS 中离线串最近的点？
【发布时间】：2016-06-21 05:15:16
【问题描述】：

我正在关注question 来计算最接近道路的 POI（线串）。我能够计算线串中的最近点，但我无法找到从 POI 到线串上最近点（顶点）的距离。

这是我查找最近 POI 的代码。

CREATE TABLE road(id serial PRIMARY KEY, the_geog geography(LINESTRING,4326) );

CREATE TABLE poi(gid serial PRIMARY KEY, name varchar, city varchar, the_geog geography(POINT,4326) )

值是：

INSERT INTO road (id, the_geog) VALUES (123, ST_GeographyFromText('SRID=4326;LINESTRING(85.280194 23.296728,85.281572 23.297479)') );

计算最近点：

SELECT 
    poi.name,
    poi.city,
    ST_AsTEXT(poi.the_geog),
    ST_Distance(road.the_geog, poi.the_geog)/1000.0 AS distance_km,
    ST_AsTEXT(road.the_geog::geometry)
FROM road, poi
WHERE
    road.id = 123
    AND ST_DWithin(road.the_geog, poi.the_geog, 10000.0)
ORDER BY
    ST_LineLocatePoint(road.the_geog::geometry, poi.the_geog::geometry),
    ST_Distance(road.the_geog, poi.the_geog)
;

如果线串是这样表示的：[85.280194 23.296728,85.281572 23.297479]，我想要这样的结果：

poi                   vertex                 distance_km
85.280194 23.296728   85.280001 23.299876    3
85.289673 23.291987   85.281572 23.297479    5

【问题讨论】：

标签： postgresql geometry postgis nearest-neighbor geography

【解决方案1】：

使用ST_DumpPoints()提取直线的顶点：

SELECT id,the_geog, (ST_dumppoints(road.the_geog::GEOMETRY)).geom AS vertex FROM road;

您必须将 GEOGRAPHY 转换为 GEOMETRY，否则 st_dumppoints 不起作用。

您的整个查询可能如下所示：

SELECT road.id AS road_id, 
       ST_Astext(poi.the_geog) AS poi, 
       ST_astext(road.vertex) AS vertex,
       ST_AsText(road.the_geog) AS line, 
       ST_Distance(vertex, poi.the_geog) AS distance
FROM (SELECT id,the_geog, (ST_dumppoints(road.the_geog::GEOMETRY)).geom AS vertex 
          FROM road
      ) as road, 
      poi 
WHERE road.id = 123
ORDER by ST_Distance(vertex, poi.the_geog);

【讨论】：