OpenWindowStation 错误 183 /ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS/答案

【问题标题】：OpenWindowStation error 183 /ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS/OpenWindowStation 错误 183 /ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS/
【发布时间】：2016-07-11 15:18:46
【问题描述】：

我正在编写一个具有远程管理功能的程序，但遇到了一些问题。主要问题是，每次调用“OpenWindowStation”都会导致“错误 183”和空指针。

此代码在 LocalSystem 帐户上作为服务运行。我也尝试过允许桌面交互，但所有这些都是徒劳的。

我在这里查看了几个类似的问题，但他们的任何决定都没有帮助我。

    namespace sasserv
    {
public class sasserv : ServiceBase
{
    [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
    static extern IntPtr OpenWindowStation( string name, bool fInherit, uint needAccess );

    [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
    static extern IntPtr CloseWindowStation( IntPtr hWinSta );

    [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
    static extern IntPtr OpenDesktop( string name, Int32 flags, bool fInherit, long param );

    [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
    static extern IntPtr CloseDesktop( IntPtr hDesktop );

    [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
    static extern bool PostMessage( IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 msg, UInt32 wParam, IntPtr lParam );

    [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
    static extern bool SetThreadDesktop( IntPtr hDesktop );

    [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
    static extern bool SetProcessWindowStation( IntPtr hWinSta );

    public const string MyServiceName = "sasserv";

    public sasserv()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
        this.ServiceName = MyServiceName;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Start this service.
    /// </summary>
    protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
    {
        RunWinlogon();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Stop this service.
    /// </summary>
    protected override void OnStop()
    {
    }       

    protected void OutputLastError(string funcName) {
        int err = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
        if ( err > 0 )
            Out(funcName, "ERR:"+err);
    }

    private void RunWinlogon()
    {
        int WINSTA_ALL_ACCESS = 0x37F;
        long DESKTOP_CREATEMENU = 0x0004L;
        long DESKTOP_CREATEWINDOW = 0x0002L;
        long DESKTOP_ENUMERATE = 0x0040L;
        long DESKTOP_HOOKCONTROL = 0x0008L;
        long DESKTOP_JOURNALPLAYBACK = 0x0020L;
        long DESKTOP_JOURNALRECORD = 0x0010L;
        long DESKTOP_READOBJECTS = 0x0001L;
        long DESKTOP_SWITCHDESKTOP = 0x0100L;
        long DESKTOP_WRITEOBJECTS = 0x0080L;
        int HWND_BROADCAST = 0xffff;
        uint WM_HOTKEY = 0x0312;
        short MOD_ALT = 0x0001;
        short MOD_CONTROL = 0x0002;
        short VK_DELETE = 0x2E;
        uint MAXIMUM_ALLOWED = 0x2000000;

        uint WLX_WM_SAS = 0x0659;
        uint WLX_SAS_TYPE_CTRL_ALT_DEL = 0x0001;

        uint GENERIC_READ  = 0x80000000;
        uint GENERIC_WRITE  = 0x40000000;
        uint  GENERIC_EXECUTE  = 0x20000000;
        uint GENERIC_ALL  = 0x10000000;
        uint  GENERIC_RIGHTS_CHK  = 0xF0000000;

        Out("OpenWindowStation", "Running2");
        var hWinSta = OpenWindowStation( "WinSta0", false,  MAXIMUM_ALLOWED );
        if (  hWinSta == IntPtr.Zero ) {
            Out("OpenWindowStation", "hWinSta=ZERO");
            return;
        }
        OutputLastError("OpenWindowStation");


        Out("SetProcessWindowStation", "Running");
        if ( !SetProcessWindowStation( hWinSta ) ) {
            Out("SetProcessWindowStation", "FALSE");
            return;
        }

        OutputLastError("SetProcessWindowStation");

        Out("OpenDesktop", "Running");
        var hDesk = OpenDesktop( "Winlogon", 0, false, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED);

        OutputLastError("OpenDesktop");

        if ( hDesk == IntPtr.Zero ) {
            Out("OpenDesktop", "HDESK=ZERO");
            return;
        }


        if ( !SetThreadDesktop(hDesk) ) {
            Out("SetThreadDesktop", "FALSE");
            return;
        }

        OutputLastError("SetThreadDesktop");

        Out("PostMessage", "Running...");
        var postSucc = PostMessage( new IntPtr(HWND_BROADCAST),
                                   WLX_WM_SAS,
                                   WLX_SAS_TYPE_CTRL_ALT_DEL,
                                   IntPtr.Zero);

        OutputLastError("PostMessage");         

        CloseDesktop( hDesk );
        CloseWindowStation( hWinSta );          
    }

    static IntPtr MakeLongPtr( short wLow, short wHigh ) {          
        return new IntPtr( (UInt32)(wLow | ( (UInt32)wHigh << 16 )));
    }

    static void Out( string func, string info ) {
        NLog.Logger logger = NLog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();

        logger.Info( "FUNC: "+func+" . INFO: "+info );
    }
}
}

这是执行日志：

【问题讨论】：

您的错误报告已损坏。您不能以这种方式调用 GetLastError，因为 .net 运行时调用 Win32 API 函数。在DllImport 属性中使用SetLastError = true，然后调用Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()。
谢谢，大卫！我提供了您的更正，但主要问题仍然存在！
所以，这个问题还没有决定。因此，我决定使用 ExitWindowsEx 函数（临时）来更改用户（通过注销）。
当然，这也是一个很奇怪的决定，但对于第一个版本来说已经足够了。

标签： c# winapi winlogon

【解决方案1】：

您需要将 DLL 导入标记为SetLastError=true，然后直接使用Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() 而不是GetLastError()。来自文档：

GetLastWin32Error 从 Kernel32.DLL 公开 Win32 GetLastError 函数。 存在此方法是因为直接平台调用GetLastError 来获取此信息是不安全的。如果要访问此错误代码，则必须调用 GetLastWin32Error 而不是为 GetLastError 编写自己的平台调用定义并调用它。公共语言运行时可以对覆盖操作系统维护的GetLastError 的 API 进行内部调用。

只有将 System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute 应用于方法签名并将 SetLastError 字段设置为 true 时，才能使用此方法获取错误代码。此过程因使用的源语言而异：C# 和 C++ 默认为 false，但 Visual Basic 中的 Declare 语句为 true。

例如：

namespace sasserv
{
    public class sasserv : ServiceBase
    {
        [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
        static extern IntPtr OpenWindowStation( string name, bool fInherit, uint needAccess );

        [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
        static extern IntPtr CloseWindowStation( IntPtr hWinSta );

        [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
        static extern IntPtr OpenDesktop( string name, Int32 flags, bool fInherit, long param );

        [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
        static extern IntPtr CloseDesktop( IntPtr hDesktop );

        [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
        static extern bool PostMessage( IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 msg, UInt32 wParam, IntPtr lParam );

        [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
        static extern bool SetThreadDesktop( IntPtr hDesktop );

        [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
        static extern bool SetProcessWindowStation( IntPtr hWinSta );

        public const string MyServiceName = "sasserv";

        public sasserv()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.ServiceName = MyServiceName;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        /// </summary>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            // TODO: Add cleanup code here (if required)
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Start this service.
        /// </summary>
        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
            RunWinlogon();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Stop this service.
        /// </summary>
        protected override void OnStop()
        {
            // TODO: Add tear-down code here (if required) to stop your service.
        }


        protected void OutputLastError(string funcName) {
            int err = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
            Out(funcName, "ERR:"+err);
        }

        private void RunWinlogon()
        {
            int err = 9999;
            int WINSTA_ALL_ACCESS = 0x37F;
            long DESKTOP_CREATEMENU = 0x0004L;
            long DESKTOP_CREATEWINDOW = 0x0002L;
            long DESKTOP_ENUMERATE = 0x0040L;
            long DESKTOP_HOOKCONTROL = 0x0008L;
            long DESKTOP_JOURNALPLAYBACK = 0x0020L;
            long DESKTOP_JOURNALRECORD = 0x0010L;
            long DESKTOP_READOBJECTS = 0x0001L;
            long DESKTOP_SWITCHDESKTOP = 0x0100L;
            long DESKTOP_WRITEOBJECTS = 0x0080L;
            int HWND_BROADCAST = 0xffff;
            uint WM_HOTKEY = 0x0312;
            short MOD_ALT = 0x0001;
            short MOD_CONTROL = 0x0002;
            short VK_DELETE = 0x2E;
            uint MAXIMUM_ALLOWED = 0x2000000;

            uint WLX_WM_SAS = 0x0659;
            uint WLX_SAS_TYPE_CTRL_ALT_DEL = 0x0001;

            uint GENERIC_READ  = 0x80000000;
            uint GENERIC_WRITE  = 0x40000000;
            uint GENERIC_EXECUTE  = 0x20000000;
            uint GENERIC_ALL  = 0x10000000;
            uint GENERIC_RIGHTS_CHK  = 0xF0000000;

            Out("OpenWindowStation", "Running1");
            var hWinSta = OpenWindowStation( "WinSta0", false,  MAXIMUM_ALLOWED );
            if ( hWinSta == IntPtr.Zero ) {
                OutputLastError("OpenWindowStation");
                return;
            }

            Out("SetProcessWindowStation", "Running");
            if ( !SetProcessWindowStation( hWinSta ) ) {
                OutputLastError("SetProcessWindowStation");
                CloseWindowStation( hWinSta );          
                return;
            }

            Out("OpenDesktop", "Running");
            var hDesk = OpenDesktop( "Winlogon", 0, false, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED);

            if ( hDesk == IntPtr.Zero ) {
                OutputLastError("OpenDesktop");
                CloseWindowStation( hWinSta );          
                return;
            }

            if ( !SetThreadDesktop(hDesk) ) {
                OutputLastError("SetThreadDesktop");
                CloseDesktop( hDesk );
                CloseWindowStation( hWinSta );          
                return;
            }

            Out("PostMessage", "Running...");
            if ( !PostMessage( new IntPtr(HWND_BROADCAST),
                                       WLX_WM_SAS,
                                       WLX_SAS_TYPE_CTRL_ALT_DEL,
                                       IntPtr.Zero) ) {
                OutputLastError("PostMessage");
            }

            CloseDesktop( hDesk );
            CloseWindowStation( hWinSta );          
        }

        static IntPtr MakeLongPtr( short wLow, short wHigh ) {

            return new IntPtr( (UInt32)(wLow | ( (UInt32)wHigh << 16 )));
        }

        static void Out( string func, string info ) {
            NLog.Logger logger = NLog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();

            logger.Info( "FUNC: "+func+" . "+info );
        }
    }
}

话虽如此，发出 Ctrl-Alt-Del 序列的另一种方法是使用 SendSAS() 函数而不是广播 WLX_WM_SAS 窗口消息。

【讨论】：

谢谢你，雷米！我知道 SendSAS，但这里有几个问题： 1. 我们需要发送电子邮件给 MS 并等待他们的回复 2. 我们需要在 WinXP（32 位）上运行此代码。
@IgorEvdokimov 您不需要向 MS 发送电子邮件，事实上 SAS 电子邮件已被弃用并且不太可能回复。您只需要 Win7 SDK 中的 sas.dll 可再发行组件。
非常感谢！我想，我会在非WinXP环境下使用它！