无法将智能卡证书添加到 Yubikey答案

【问题标题】：Cannot add Smart Card Certificate to Yubikey无法将智能卡证书添加到 Yubikey
【发布时间】：2019-05-22 20:54:55
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试创建智能卡证书并将其添加回 Yubikey（我使用的是 Yubico 的 Mini 驱动程序，因此 yubikey 的行为类似于智能卡，不能使用它们的 PIVManager 或 YKMan）。我可以使用以下代码使用 yubikey 成功签署 CSR：

certificateRequest.CertRequest = new CX509CertificateRequestPkcs10();
certificateRequest.CertRequest.Initialize(X509CertificateEnrollmentContext.ContextUser);
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.ExportPolicy = X509PrivateKeyExportFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_EXPORT_NONE;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.Length = 2048;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.ProviderName = "Microsoft Smart Card Key Storage Provider";
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.KeyUsage = X509PrivateKeyUsageFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_SIGNING_FLAG;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.KeySpec = X509KeySpec.XCN_AT_NONE;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.MachineContext = false;
var subjectEncoded = new CX500DistinguishedNameClass();
subjectEncoded.Encode(certificateRequest.SubjectName);
certificateRequest.CertRequest.Subject = subjectEncoded;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.Encode();
certificateRequest.CSR = certificateRequest.CertRequest.RawData[EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64REQUESTHEADER];

然后我去 CA 取回证书。当我尝试将证书添加回 Yubikey 时，出现以下错误：

CertEnroll::CX509Enrollment::InstallResponse: 找不到对象或属性。 0x80092004 (-2146885628 CRYPT_E_NOT_FOUND)

根据我在 google 上的发现，这意味着系统找不到签署证书的私钥。我正在使用请求来初始化容器，它仍然无法发现它是由智能卡完成的，这里是参考代码：

CX509Enrollment objEnroll = new CX509EnrollmentClass();
objEnroll.InitializeFromRequest(certificateRequest.CertRequest);
objEnroll.InstallResponse(
    InstallResponseRestrictionFlags.AllowUntrustedRoot,
    certificateRequest.StringCert,
    EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64,
    null
);

有没有办法告诉 windows 在 YubiKey 中寻找私钥？

【问题讨论】：

标签： .net x509certificate smartcard yubico

【解决方案1】：

我错过了私钥的实际创建，这里的请求是新的完整代码：

certificateRequest.CertRequest = new CX509CertificateRequestPkcs10();
certificateRequest.CertRequest.Initialize(X509CertificateEnrollmentContext.ContextUser);
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.ExportPolicy = X509PrivateKeyExportFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_EXPORT_NONE;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.Length = 2048;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.ProviderName = "Microsoft Smart Card Key Storage Provider";
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.KeyUsage = X509PrivateKeyUsageFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_SIGNING_FLAG;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.KeySpec = X509KeySpec.XCN_AT_NONE;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.MachineContext = false;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.PrivateKey.Create();
var subjectEncoded = new CX500DistinguishedNameClass();
subjectEncoded.Encode(certificateRequest.SubjectName);
certificateRequest.CertRequest.Subject = subjectEncoded;
certificateRequest.CertRequest.Encode();
certificateRequest.CSR = certificateRequest.CertRequest.RawData[EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64REQUESTHEADER];

然后我去 CA 取回证书。当我尝试将证书添加回 Yubikey 时：

CX509Enrollment objEnroll = new CX509EnrollmentClass();
objEnroll.InitializeFromRequest(certificateRequest.CertRequest);
objEnroll.CreateRequest(EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64);
objEnroll.InstallResponse(
    InstallResponseRestrictionFlags.AllowUntrustedRoot,
    certificateRequest.StringCert,
    EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64,
    null
);

【讨论】：