带有“添加”元素的简单列表的自定义 app.config 部分

Question

如何创建一个自定义 app.config 部分，它只是一个简单的 add 元素列表？

我找到了一些自定义部分的示例（例如How to create custom config section in app.config?），如下所示：

<RegisterCompanies>
  <Companies>
    <Company name="Tata Motors" code="Tata"/>
    <Company name="Honda Motors" code="Honda"/>
  </Companies>
</RegisterCompanies>

但是如何避免额外的集合元素（“公司”），使其看起来与 appSettings 和 connectionStrings 部分相同？换句话说，我想：

<registerCompanies>
  <add name="Tata Motors" code="Tata"/>
  <add name="Honda Motors" code="Honda"/>
</registerCompanies>

Answer 1

基于 OP 配置文件代码的完整示例：

<configuration>
    <configSections>
        <section name="registerCompanies" 
                 type="My.MyConfigSection, My.Assembly" />
    </configSections>
    <registerCompanies>
        <add name="Tata Motors" code="Tata"/>
        <add name="Honda Motors" code="Honda"/>
    </registerCompanies>
</configuration>

这里是使用折叠集合实现自定义配置部分的示例代码

using System.Configuration;
namespace My {
public class MyConfigSection : ConfigurationSection {
    [ConfigurationProperty("", IsRequired = true, IsDefaultCollection = true)]
    public MyConfigInstanceCollection Instances {
        get { return (MyConfigInstanceCollection)this[""]; }
        set { this[""] = value; }
    }
}
public class MyConfigInstanceCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection {
    protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement() {
        return new MyConfigInstanceElement();
    }

    protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element) {
        //set to whatever Element Property you want to use for a key
        return ((MyConfigInstanceElement)element).Name;
    }
}

public class MyConfigInstanceElement : ConfigurationElement {
    //Make sure to set IsKey=true for property exposed as the GetElementKey above
    [ConfigurationProperty("name", IsKey = true, IsRequired = true)]
    public string Name {
        get { return (string) base["name"]; }
        set { base["name"] = value; }
    }

    [ConfigurationProperty("code", IsRequired = true)]
    public string Code {
        get { return (string) base["code"]; }
        set { base["code"] = value; }
    } } }

这是一个如何从代码中访问配置信息的示例。

var config = ConfigurationManager.GetSection("registerCompanies") 
                 as MyConfigSection;

Console.WriteLine(config["Tata Motors"].Code);
foreach (var e in config.Instances) { 
   Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}, Code: {1}", e.Name, e.Code); 
}

Answer 2

无需自定义配置部分。

app.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="YourAppSettings" type="System.Configuration.AppSettingsSection, System.Configuration, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" />
  </configSections>
  <!-- value attribute is optional. omit if you just want a list of 'keys' -->
  <YourAppSettings>
    <add key="one" value="1" />
    <add key="two" value="2"/>
    <add key="three" value="3"/>
    <add key="duplicate" value="aa"/>
    <add key="duplicate" value="bb"/>
  </YourAppSettings>
</configuration>

检索值

// AppSettingsSection can be cast to a NameValueCollection
NameValueCollection settingCollection = 
(NameValueCollection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection("YourAppSettings");

// An array of the keys. No Duplicates
// { "one", "two", "three", "duplicate" }
string[] allKeys = settingCollection.AllKeys; 
    
// key/value pairs
// one : 1
// two : 2
// three : 3
// duplicate : bb 
foreach (string key in allKeys)
{
   Console.WriteLine(key + " : " + settingCollection[key]);
}

// Duplicates behavior
var items = settingCollection.Count;
Debug.Assert(items == 4); // no duplicates. Last element wins.
Debug.Assert(settingCollection["duplicate"] == "bb");

Answer 3

基于上面的Jay Walker's 答案，这是一个完整的工作示例，增加了执行索引的能力：

<configuration>
    <configSections>
        <section name="registerCompanies" 
                 type="My.MyConfigSection, My.Assembly" />
    </configSections>
    <registerCompanies>
        <add name="Tata Motors" code="Tata"/>
        <add name="Honda Motors" code="Honda"/>
    </registerCompanies>
</configuration>

这里是使用折叠集合实现自定义配置部分的示例代码

using System.Configuration;
using System.Linq;
namespace My
{
   public class MyConfigSection : ConfigurationSection
   {
      [ConfigurationProperty("", IsRequired = true, IsDefaultCollection = true)]
      public MyConfigInstanceCollection Instances
      {
         get { return (MyConfigInstanceCollection)this[""]; }
         set { this[""] = value; }
      }
   }
   public class MyConfigInstanceCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
   {
      protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
      {
         return new MyConfigInstanceElement();
      }

      protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
      {
         //set to whatever Element Property you want to use for a key
         return ((MyConfigInstanceElement)element).Name;
      }

      public new MyConfigInstanceElement this[string elementName]
      {
         get
         {
            return this.OfType<MyConfigInstanceElement>().FirstOrDefault(item => item.Name == elementName);
         }
      }
   }

   public class MyConfigInstanceElement : ConfigurationElement
   {
      //Make sure to set IsKey=true for property exposed as the GetElementKey above
      [ConfigurationProperty("name", IsKey = true, IsRequired = true)]
      public string Name
      {
         get { return (string)base["name"]; }
         set { base["name"] = value; }
      }

      [ConfigurationProperty("code", IsRequired = true)]
      public string Code
      {
         get { return (string)base["code"]; }
         set { base["code"] = value; }
      }
   }
}

这是一个如何从代码中访问配置信息的示例。

MyConfigSection config = 
   ConfigurationManager.GetSection("registerCompanies") as MyConfigSection;

Console.WriteLine(config.Instances["Honda Motors"].Code);
foreach (MyConfigInstanceElement e in config.Instances)
{
   Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}, Code: {1}", e.Name, e.Code);
}

Answer 4

根据 Jay Walker 的回答，需要通过遍历“Instances”集合来访问元素。即。

var config = ConfigurationManager.GetSection("registerCompanies") 
                 as MyConfigSection;

foreach (MyConfigInstanceElement e in config.Instances) { 
   Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}, Code: {1}", e.Name, e.Code); 
}