X3 的好处在于您可以像定义解析器一样轻松地生成解析器。
例如
template <typename T> struct AstNode {
std::string name;
T leaf;
};
现在让我们定义一个通用解析器生成器:
namespace Generic {
template <typename T> auto leaf = x3::eps(false);
template <> auto leaf<int>
= "0x" >> x3::int_parser<uintmax_t, 16>{};
template <> auto leaf<std::string>
= x3::lexeme['"' >> *~x3::char_('"') >> '"'];
auto no_comment = x3::space;
auto hash_comments = x3::space |
x3::lexeme['#' >> *(x3::char_ - x3::eol)] >> (x3::eol | x3::eoi);
auto c_style_comments = x3::space |
"/*" >> x3::lexeme[*(x3::char_ - "*/")] >> "*/";
auto cxx_style_comments = c_style_comments |
x3::lexeme["//" >> *(x3::char_ - x3::eol)] >> (x3::eol | x3::eoi);
auto name = leaf<std::string>;
template <typename T> auto parseNode(auto heading, auto skipper) {
return x3::skip(skipper)[
x3::as_parser(heading) >> name >> ":" >> leaf<T>
];
}
}
这允许我们用不同的叶子类型和船长样式来组合各种语法:
namespace Language1 {
static auto const grammar =
Generic::parseNode<int>("value", Generic::no_comment);
}
namespace Language2 {
static auto const grammar =
Generic::parseNode<std::string>("line", Generic::cxx_style_comments);
}
让我们演示一下:
Live On Coliru
#include <boost/spirit/home/x3.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/adapted.hpp>
#include <iomanip>
namespace x3 = boost::spirit::x3;
template <typename T> struct AstNode {
std::string name;
T leaf;
};
BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_TPL_STRUCT((T), (AstNode)(T), name, leaf)
namespace Generic {
template <typename T> auto leaf = x3::eps(false);
template <> auto leaf<int>
= "0x" >> x3::uint_parser<uintmax_t, 16>{};
template <> auto leaf<std::string>
= x3::lexeme['"' >> *~x3::char_('"') >> '"'];
auto no_comment = x3::space;
auto hash_comments = x3::space |
x3::lexeme['#' >> *(x3::char_ - x3::eol)] >> (x3::eol | x3::eoi);
auto c_style_comments = x3::space |
"/*" >> x3::lexeme[*(x3::char_ - "*/")] >> "*/";
auto cxx_style_comments = c_style_comments |
x3::lexeme["//" >> *(x3::char_ - x3::eol)] >> (x3::eol | x3::eoi);
auto name = leaf<std::string>;
template <typename T> auto parseNode(auto heading, auto skipper) {
return x3::skip(skipper)[
x3::as_parser(heading) >> name >> ":" >> leaf<T>
];
}
}
namespace Language1 {
static auto const grammar =
Generic::parseNode<int>("value", Generic::no_comment);
}
namespace Language2 {
static auto const grammar =
Generic::parseNode<std::string>("line", Generic::cxx_style_comments);
}
void test(auto const& grammar, std::string_view text, auto ast) {
auto f = text.begin(), l = text.end();
std::cout << "\nParsing: " << std::quoted(text, '\'') << "\n";
if (parse(f, l, grammar, ast)) {
std::cout << " -> {name:" << ast.name << ",value:" << ast.leaf << "}\n";
} else {
std::cout << " -- Failed " << std::quoted(text, '\'') << "\n";
}
}
int main() {
test(Language1::grammar, R"(value "one": 0x01)", AstNode<int>{});
test(
Language2::grammar,
R"(line "Hamlet": "There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.")",
AstNode<std::string>{});
test(
Language2::grammar,
R"(line // rejected: "Hamlet": "To be ..."
"King Lear": /*hopefully less trite:*/"As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods")",
AstNode<std::string>{});
}
打印
Parsing: 'value "one": 0x01'
-> {name:one,value:1}
Parsing: 'line "Hamlet": "There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so."'
-> {name:Hamlet,value:There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.}
Parsing: 'line // rejected: "Hamlet": "To be ..."
"King Lear": /*hopefully less trite:*/"As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods"'
-> {name:King Lear,value:As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods}
高级
对于高级场景(您需要跨翻译单元分离规则声明和定义和/或需要动态切换),您可以使用x3::any_rule<> 持有者。