试图将字符串变量传递到 std::system

Question

我的代码：

std::string mail;
std::string password;
std::system("mkdir ~/.cache/pbt");
std::cout << "Enter your accounts mail" << std::endl;
std::cin >> mail;
std::cout << "Now enter your accounts password";
std::cin >> password;
std::system("perl zap2xml.pl -u " + mail + " -p " + password + " -o ~/.cache/pbt");

当我尝试编译这段代码时：

编译器说

main.cpp:13:62: error: cannot convert ‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>’ to ‘const char*’
   13 | std::system("perl zap2xml.pl -u " + mail + " -p " + password + " -o ~/.cache/pbt");
      |             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |                                                              |
      |                                                              std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>
In file included from /usr/include/c++/9.2.0/cstdlib:75,
                 from /usr/include/c++/9.2.0/ext/string_conversions.h:41,
                 from /usr/include/c++/9.2.0/bits/basic_string.h:6493,
                 from /usr/include/c++/9.2.0/string:55,
                 from /usr/include/c++/9.2.0/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/9.2.0/bits/ios_base.h:41,
                 from /usr/include/c++/9.2.0/ios:42,
                 from /usr/include/c++/9.2.0/ostream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/9.2.0/iostream:39,
                 from main.cpp:1:
/usr/include/stdlib.h:784:32: note:   initializing argument 1 of ‘int system(const char*)’
  784 | extern int system (const char *__command) __wur;
      |                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~

看起来 std::system 无法读取 std::string 变量，只能读取 const char* ，但必须有某种方法可以做到这一点。

我该如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

std::system() 将const char* 作为输入，但您正试图将std::string 传递给它。 std::string 不能隐式转换为const char*，因此会出现编译器错误。但是，您可以使用字符串的c_str() 方法来获取const char*，例如：

std::string cmd = "perl zap2xml.pl -u '" + mail + "' -p '" + password + "' -o ~/.cache/pbt";
std::system(cmd.c_str());

或者：

std::system(("perl zap2xml.pl -u '" + mail + "' -p '" + password + "' -o ~/.cache/pbt").c_str());

注意mail 和password 字符串被包裹在单引号内。这是因为这两个参数可能包含特殊字符或恶意代码，因此应进行相应的转义。