我正在使用 GWT RPC 连接到服务器端。在服务器端，我必须连接到 MySQL 数据库，从中获取我需要的数据。我的问题是当我想测试我的应用程序时哪个是最佳实践，因为我还没有在 Tomcat 应用程序服务器上部署它，而且如果它没有部署，我似乎无法测试它。当我在开发模式下测试它时，我无法连接到数据库。我是否必须将其部署在 Tomcat 上才能测试我的应用程序，还是有其他方法。
附：我包含了 JDBC 驱动程序，所以这不是问题。
【问题讨论】：
标签： database testing gwt connection rpc
您无需部署到 Tomcat 或任何其他网络服务器即可测试您的应用程序。将你的测试分成几层（JDBC 或 JPA 层、Service 层），使用 JUnit 和 Spring 测试就可以了。
看看这个文档： http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/2.5.x/reference/testing.html
【讨论】：
由于您没有发布任何异常，因此目前不知道您遇到了什么问题，但是当我在开发模式下测试我的 GWT 代码时，我遵循的最佳实践是将来自 GWT 的请求代理到在不同的应用服务器上运行的后端实现。由于您计划将代码移动到 tomcat，因此我假设您将在运行在 tomcat 上的 J2EE 项目的 war 目录下移动 GWT 编译的代码，并且实际的 db 调用将从这个 J2EE 项目中完成。请按照以下步骤操作。
基本上，在您的 GWT 应用程序中，在“服务器”端，您需要创建一个代理 servlet，它将所有请求代理到不同的端口（运行您的后端应用程序的端口 - 例如 tomcat 的港口）。
您需要同时运行两个应用程序（显然在不同的端口上）。这样，当您处于 GWT 开发模式时，所有请求都会首先发送到 jetty 应用服务器，然后转发到 tomcat，这样您就可以继续测试，而无需来回复制文件并测试您的真实后端实现。
代理Servlet（来自http://edwardstx.net/wiki/attach/HttpProxyServlet/ProxyServlet.java）
package com.xxxxxxx.xxxxx.gwt.xxxxx.server;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.Header;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.StringRequestEntity;
/**
* ProxyServlet from http://edwardstx.net/wiki/attach/HttpProxyServlet/ProxyServlet.java
* (This seems to be a derivative of Noodle -- http://noodle.tigris.org/)
*
* Patched to skip "Transfer-Encoding: chunked" headers, avoid double slashes
* in proxied URLs, handle GZip and allow GWT RPC.
*/
public class ProxyServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final int FOUR_KB = 4196;
/**
* Serialization UID.
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* Key for redirect location header.
*/
private static final String STRING_LOCATION_HEADER = "Location";
/**
* Key for content type header.
*/
private static final String STRING_CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER_NAME = "Content-Type";
/**
* Key for content length header.
*/
private static final String STRING_CONTENT_LENGTH_HEADER_NAME = "Content-Length";
/**
* Key for host header
*/
private static final String STRING_HOST_HEADER_NAME = "Host";
/**
* The directory to use to temporarily store uploaded files
*/
private static final File FILE_UPLOAD_TEMP_DIRECTORY = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
// Proxy host params
/**
* The host to which we are proxying requests. Default value is "localhost".
*/
private String stringProxyHost = "localhost";
/**
* The port on the proxy host to wihch we are proxying requests. Default value is 80.
*/
private int intProxyPort = 80;
/**
* The (optional) path on the proxy host to wihch we are proxying requests. Default value is "".
*/
private String stringProxyPath = "";
/**
* Setting that allows removing the initial path from client. Allows specifying /twitter/* as synonym for twitter.com.
*/
private boolean removePrefix;
/**
* The maximum size for uploaded files in bytes. Default value is 5MB.
*/
private int intMaxFileUploadSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
private boolean isSecure;
private boolean followRedirects;
/**
* Initialize the ProxyServlet
* @param servletConfig The Servlet configuration passed in by the servlet container
*/
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) {
// Get the proxy host
String stringProxyHostNew = servletConfig.getInitParameter("proxyHost");
if (stringProxyHostNew == null || stringProxyHostNew.length() == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Proxy host not set, please set init-param 'proxyHost' in web.xml");
}
this.setProxyHost(stringProxyHostNew);
// Get the proxy port if specified
String stringProxyPortNew = servletConfig.getInitParameter("proxyPort");
if (stringProxyPortNew != null && stringProxyPortNew.length() > 0) {
this.setProxyPort(Integer.parseInt(stringProxyPortNew));
}
// Get the proxy path if specified
String stringProxyPathNew = servletConfig.getInitParameter("proxyPath");
if (stringProxyPathNew != null && stringProxyPathNew.length() > 0) {
this.setProxyPath(stringProxyPathNew);
}
// Get the maximum file upload size if specified
String stringMaxFileUploadSize = servletConfig.getInitParameter("maxFileUploadSize");
if (stringMaxFileUploadSize != null && stringMaxFileUploadSize.length() > 0) {
this.setMaxFileUploadSize(Integer.parseInt(stringMaxFileUploadSize));
}
}
/**
* Performs an HTTP GET request
* @param httpServletRequest The {@link HttpServletRequest} object passed
* in by the servlet engine representing the
* client request to be proxied
* @param httpServletResponse The {@link HttpServletResponse} object by which
* we can send a proxied response to the client
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse)
throws IOException, ServletException {
// Create a GET request
String destinationUrl = this.getProxyURL(httpServletRequest);
debug("GET Request URL: " + httpServletRequest.getRequestURL(),
"Destination URL: " + destinationUrl);
GetMethod getMethodProxyRequest = new GetMethod(destinationUrl);
// Forward the request headers
setProxyRequestHeaders(httpServletRequest, getMethodProxyRequest);
setProxyRequestCookies(httpServletRequest, getMethodProxyRequest);
// Execute the proxy request
this.executeProxyRequest(getMethodProxyRequest, httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
}
/**
* Performs an HTTP POST request
* @param httpServletRequest The {@link HttpServletRequest} object passed
* in by the servlet engine representing the
* client request to be proxied
* @param httpServletResponse The {@link HttpServletResponse} object by which
* we can send a proxied response to the client
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse)
throws IOException, ServletException {
// Create a standard POST request
String contentType = httpServletRequest.getContentType();
String destinationUrl = this.getProxyURL(httpServletRequest);
debug("POST Request URL: " + httpServletRequest.getRequestURL(),
" Content Type: " + contentType,
" Destination URL: " + destinationUrl);
PostMethod postMethodProxyRequest = new PostMethod(destinationUrl);
// Forward the request headers
setProxyRequestHeaders(httpServletRequest, postMethodProxyRequest);
setProxyRequestCookies(httpServletRequest, postMethodProxyRequest);
// Check if this is a mulitpart (file upload) POST
if (contentType == null || PostMethod.FORM_URL_ENCODED_CONTENT_TYPE.equals(contentType)) {
this.handleStandardPost(postMethodProxyRequest, httpServletRequest);
} else {
this.handleContentPost(postMethodProxyRequest, httpServletRequest);
}
// Execute the proxy request
this.executeProxyRequest(postMethodProxyRequest, httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
}
/**
* Sets up the given {@link PostMethod} to send the same standard POST
* data as was sent in the given {@link HttpServletRequest}
* @param postMethodProxyRequest The {@link PostMethod} that we are
* configuring to send a standard POST request
* @param httpServletRequest The {@link HttpServletRequest} that contains
* the POST data to be sent via the {@link PostMethod}
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private void handleStandardPost(PostMethod postMethodProxyRequest, HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) {
// Get the client POST data as a Map
Map mapPostParameters = (Map) httpServletRequest.getParameterMap();
// Create a List to hold the NameValuePairs to be passed to the PostMethod
List listNameValuePairs = new ArrayList();
// Iterate the parameter names
for (String stringParameterName : mapPostParameters.keySet()) {
// Iterate the values for each parameter name
String[] stringArrayParameterValues = mapPostParameters.get(stringParameterName);
for (String stringParamterValue : stringArrayParameterValues) {
// Create a NameValuePair and store in list
NameValuePair nameValuePair = new NameValuePair(stringParameterName, stringParamterValue);
listNameValuePairs.add(nameValuePair);
}
}
// Set the proxy request POST data
postMethodProxyRequest.setRequestBody(listNameValuePairs.toArray(new NameValuePair[]{}));
}
/**
* Sets up the given {@link PostMethod} to send the same content POST
* data (JSON, XML, etc.) as was sent in the given {@link HttpServletRequest}
* @param postMethodProxyRequest The {@link PostMethod} that we are
* configuring to send a standard POST request
* @param httpServletRequest The {@link HttpServletRequest} that contains
* the POST data to be sent via the {@link PostMethod}
*/
private void handleContentPost(PostMethod postMethodProxyRequest, HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) throws IOException, ServletException {
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
BufferedReader reader = httpServletRequest.getReader();
for (;;) {
String line = reader.readLine();
if (line == null) break;
content.append(line);
}
String contentType = httpServletRequest.getContentType();
String postContent = content.toString();
if (contentType.startsWith("text/x-gwt-rpc")) {
String clientHost = httpServletRequest.getLocalName();
if (clientHost.equals("127.0.0.1")) {
clientHost = "localhost";
}
int clientPort = httpServletRequest.getLocalPort();
String clientUrl = clientHost + ((clientPort != 80) ? ":" + clientPort : "");
String serverUrl = stringProxyHost + ((intProxyPort != 80) ? ":" + intProxyPort : "") + httpServletRequest.getServletPath();
//debug("Replacing client (" + clientUrl + ") with server (" + serverUrl + ")");
postContent = postContent.replace(clientUrl , serverUrl);
}
String encoding = httpServletRequest.getCharacterEncoding();
debug("POST Content Type: " + contentType + " Encoding: " + encoding,
"Content: " + postContent);
StringRequestEntity entity;
try {
entity = new StringRequestEntity(postContent, contentType, encoding);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new ServletException(e);
}
// Set the proxy request POST data
postMethodProxyRequest.setRequestEntity(entity);
}
/**
* Executes the {@link HttpMethod} passed in and sends the proxy response
* back to the client via the given {@link HttpServletResponse}
* @param httpMethodProxyRequest An object representing the proxy request to be made
* @param httpServletResponse An object by which we can send the proxied
* response back to the client
* @throws IOException Can be thrown by the {@link HttpClient}.executeMethod
* @throws ServletException Can be thrown to indicate that another error has occurred
*/
private void executeProxyRequest(
HttpMethod httpMethodProxyRequest,
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse)
throws IOException, ServletException {
// Create a default HttpClient
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
httpMethodProxyRequest.setFollowRedirects(false);
// Execute the request
int intProxyResponseCode = httpClient.executeMethod(httpMethodProxyRequest);
String response = httpMethodProxyRequest.getResponseBodyAsString();
// Check if the proxy response is a redirect
// The following code is adapted from org.tigris.noodle.filters.CheckForRedirect
// Hooray for open source software
if (intProxyResponseCode >= HttpServletResponse.SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES /* 300 */ && intProxyResponseCode responseHeaders = Arrays.asList(headerArrayResponse);
if (isBodyParameterGzipped(responseHeaders)) {
debug("GZipped: true");
if (!followRedirects && intProxyResponseCode == HttpServletResponse.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) {
response = httpMethodProxyRequest.getResponseHeader(STRING_LOCATION_HEADER).getValue();
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
intProxyResponseCode = HttpServletResponse.SC_OK;
httpServletResponse.setHeader(STRING_LOCATION_HEADER, response);
} else {
response = new String(ungzip(httpMethodProxyRequest.getResponseBody()));
}
httpServletResponse.setContentLength(response.length());
}
// Send the content to the client
debug("Received status code: " + intProxyResponseCode,
"Response: " + response);
httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(response);
}
/**
* The response body will be assumed to be gzipped if the GZIP header has been set.
*
* @param responseHeaders of response headers
* @return true if the body is gzipped
*/
private boolean isBodyParameterGzipped(List responseHeaders) {
for (Header header : responseHeaders) {
if (header.getValue().equals("gzip")) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* A highly performant ungzip implementation. Do not refactor this without taking new timings.
* See ElementTest in ehcache for timings
*
* @param gzipped the gzipped content
* @return an ungzipped byte[]
* @throws java.io.IOException when something bad happens
*/
private byte[] ungzip(final byte[] gzipped) throws IOException {
final GZIPInputStream inputStream = new GZIPInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(gzipped));
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(gzipped.length);
final byte[] buffer = new byte[FOUR_KB];
int bytesRead = 0;
while (bytesRead != -1) {
bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer, 0, FOUR_KB);
if (bytesRead != -1) {
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}
}
byte[] ungzipped = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
inputStream.close();
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
return ungzipped;
}
public String getServletInfo() {
return "GWT Proxy Servlet";
}
/**
* Retrieves all of the headers from the servlet request and sets them on
* the proxy request
*
* @param httpServletRequest The request object representing the client's
* request to the servlet engine
* @param httpMethodProxyRequest The request that we are about to send to
* the proxy host
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private void setProxyRequestHeaders(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpMethod httpMethodProxyRequest) {
// Get an Enumeration of all of the header names sent by the client
Enumeration enumerationOfHeaderNames = httpServletRequest.getHeaderNames();
while (enumerationOfHeaderNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String stringHeaderName = (String) enumerationOfHeaderNames.nextElement();
if (stringHeaderName.equalsIgnoreCase(STRING_CONTENT_LENGTH_HEADER_NAME)) {
continue;
}
// As per the Java Servlet API 2.5 documentation:
// Some headers, such as Accept-Language can be sent by clients
// as several headers each with a different value rather than
// sending the header as a comma separated list.
// Thus, we get an Enumeration of the header values sent by the client
Enumeration enumerationOfHeaderValues = httpServletRequest.getHeaders(stringHeaderName);
while (enumerationOfHeaderValues.hasMoreElements()) {
String stringHeaderValue = (String) enumerationOfHeaderValues.nextElement();
// In case the proxy host is running multiple virtual servers,
// rewrite the Host header to ensure that we get content from
// the correct virtual server
if (stringHeaderName.equalsIgnoreCase(STRING_HOST_HEADER_NAME)) {
stringHeaderValue = getProxyHostAndPort();
}
Header header = new Header(stringHeaderName, stringHeaderValue);
// Set the same header on the proxy request
httpMethodProxyRequest.setRequestHeader(header);
}
}
}
/**
* Retrieves all of the cookies from the servlet request and sets them on
* the proxy request
*
* @param httpServletRequest The request object representing the client's
* request to the servlet engine
* @param httpMethodProxyRequest The request that we are about to send to
* the proxy host
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private void setProxyRequestCookies(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpMethod httpMethodProxyRequest) {
// Get an array of all of all the cookies sent by the client
Cookie[] cookies = httpServletRequest.getCookies();
if (cookies == null) {
return;
}
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
cookie.setDomain(stringProxyHost);
cookie.setPath(httpServletRequest.getServletPath());
httpMethodProxyRequest.setRequestHeader("Cookie", cookie.getName() + "=" + cookie.getValue() + "; Path=" + cookie.getPath());
}
}
// Accessors
private String getProxyURL(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) {
// Set the protocol to HTTP
String protocol = (isSecure) ? "https://" : "http://";
String stringProxyURL = protocol + this.getProxyHostAndPort() + "/gui";
// simply use whatever servlet path that was part of the request as opposed to getting a preset/configurable proxy path
if (!removePrefix) {
if (httpServletRequest.getServletPath() != null) {
stringProxyURL += httpServletRequest.getServletPath();
}
}
stringProxyURL += "/";
// Handle the path given to the servlet
String pathInfo = httpServletRequest.getPathInfo();
if (pathInfo != null && pathInfo.startsWith("/")) {
if (stringProxyURL != null && stringProxyURL.endsWith("/")) {
// avoid double '/'
stringProxyURL += pathInfo.substring(1);
}
} else {
stringProxyURL += httpServletRequest.getPathInfo();
}
// Handle the query string
if (httpServletRequest.getQueryString() != null) {
stringProxyURL += "?" + httpServletRequest.getQueryString();
}
stringProxyURL = stringProxyURL.replaceAll("/null", "");
//System.out.println("----stringProxyURL: " + stringProxyURL);
return stringProxyURL;
}
private String getProxyHostAndPort() {
if (this.getProxyPort() == 80) {
return this.getProxyHost();
} else {
return this.getProxyHost() + ":" + this.getProxyPort();
}
}
protected String getProxyHost() {
return this.stringProxyHost;
}
protected void setProxyHost(String stringProxyHostNew) {
this.stringProxyHost = stringProxyHostNew;
}
protected int getProxyPort() {
return this.intProxyPort;
}
protected void setSecure(boolean secure) {
this.isSecure = secure;
}
protected void setFollowRedirects(boolean followRedirects) {
this.followRedirects = followRedirects;
}
protected void setProxyPort(int intProxyPortNew) {
this.intProxyPort = intProxyPortNew;
}
protected String getProxyPath() {
return this.stringProxyPath;
}
protected void setProxyPath(String stringProxyPathNew) {
this.stringProxyPath = stringProxyPathNew;
}
protected void setRemovePrefix(boolean removePrefix) {
this.removePrefix = removePrefix;
}
protected int getMaxFileUploadSize() {
return this.intMaxFileUploadSize;
}
protected void setMaxFileUploadSize(int intMaxFileUploadSizeNew) {
this.intMaxFileUploadSize = intMaxFileUploadSizeNew;
}
private void debug(String ... msg) {
for (String m : msg) {
//System.out.println("[DEBUG] " + m);
}
}
}
然后您需要对其进行子类化并提供端口：
package xxx.xxxx.xxxxx;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
public class MyProxyServlet extends ProxyServlet {
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) {
//System.out.println("in the init");
setFollowRedirects(true);
setRemovePrefix(false);
//setProxyPath("gui/" + getProxyPath());
setProxyPort(8080);
}
}
【讨论】：