PySide2 在设计师创建的小部件上绘制

Question

Win10 和 Python 3.6.6 上的 VS Code 存在此问题。我是 Python 和 PySide2 的新手。

我在 StackOverflow 上阅读了很多关于此的主题，可能这是另一个主题的重复，但我无法绘制我的小部件。

我知道小部件对象的paintEvent() 必须以某种方式被覆盖。那里的大多数示例都在主窗口上进行了一些绘画，但我无法从 ui.file 将其传输到小部件上。

我在 .py 文件中创建了两个类，MainForm 和 Drawer。 MainForm 包含 UI 的实现，我正在尝试绘制一个小部件（名为“小部件”）。在我的 .ui 文件中有一个小部件和一个图形视图。我正在尝试在小部件上实现绘画。

paintEventTest.py 文件如下所示：

import sys

from PySide2 import QtWidgets 
from PySide2 import QtGui
from PySide2 import QtCore
from PySide2.QtUiTools import QUiLoader
from PySide2.QtWidgets import (
    QApplication, QPushButton, QLineEdit, QTextEdit, QSpinBox, QMainWindow, QDesktopWidget, QTableWidget, 
    QTableWidgetItem, QToolButton, QToolTip)
from PySide2.QtCore import QFile, QObject, Qt


class MainForm(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self, ui_file, parent=None):
        super(MainForm, self).__init__(parent)
        ui_file = QFile(ui_file)
        ui_file.open(QFile.ReadOnly)


        ### Load UI file from Designer ###
        loader = QUiLoader()
        self.ui_window = loader.load(ui_file)
        ui_file.close()

        self.ui_window.show()

        ### THIS IS NOT WORKING (OBVIOUSLY?) ###

        widget = self.ui_window.widget
        drawer = Drawer()
        drawer.paintEvent(widget)



class Drawer(QtWidgets.QWidget):

    def paintEvent(self, e):
        '''
        the method paintEvent() is called automatically
        the QPainter class does all the low-level drawing
        coded between its methods begin() and end()
        '''

        qp = QtGui.QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawGeometry(qp)
        qp.end()

    def drawGeometry(self, qp):
        qp = QtGui.QPainter(self)
        qp.setPen(QtGui.QPen(Qt.green, 8, Qt.DashLine))
        qp.drawEllipse(40, 40, 400, 400)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setStyle('Fusion')
    form = MainForm('./UI designer/testUI.ui')
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

testUI.ui 看起来像这样，它在“UI Designer”文件夹中实现：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>MainWindow</class>
 <widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>731</width>
    <height>633</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>MainWindow</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="centralwidget">
   <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout">
    <item>
     <widget class="QGraphicsView" name="graphicsView">
      <property name="minimumSize">
       <size>
        <width>0</width>
        <height>200</height>
       </size>
      </property>
     </widget>
    </item>
    <item>
     <widget class="QWidget" name="widget" native="true">
      <property name="minimumSize">
       <size>
        <width>0</width>
        <height>250</height>
       </size>
      </property>
      <property name="maximumSize">
       <size>
        <width>16777215</width>
        <height>300</height>
       </size>
      </property>
     </widget>
    </item>
   </layout>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QMenuBar" name="menubar">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>0</x>
     <y>0</y>
     <width>731</width>
     <height>21</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusbar"/>
 </widget>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

我通过上面的代码得到了这个。我不希望它起作用，但真的不知道如何引用特定的小部件来绘制。

QWidget::paintEngine: Should no longer be called
QPainter::begin: Paint device returned engine == 0, type: 1
QWidget::paintEngine: Should no longer be called
QPainter::begin: Paint device returned engine == 0, type: 1
QPainter::setPen: Painter not active
QPainter::end: Painter not active, aborted

我也对使用 graphicsscene 和 graphicsitem 在 graphicsview 上绘制等效代码感兴趣。

Answer 1

正如您所指出的，paintEvent 应该只被覆盖。因此，一种选择是推广小部件，您可以在这些答案中看到几个示例：

• https://stackoverflow.com/a/46616419
• https://stackoverflow.com/a/52131384
• https://stackoverflow.com/a/47273625
• https://stackoverflow.com/a/46671439

您必须具有以下结构：

├── main.py
├── mywidget.py
└── UI designer
    └── testUI.ui

在 mywidget.py 文件中，实现你需要的类：

mywidget.py

from PySide2 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Drawer(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def paintEvent(self, e):
        """
        the method paintEvent() is called automatically
        the QPainter class does all the low-level drawing
        coded between its methods begin() and end()
        """
        qp = QtGui.QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.drawGeometry(qp)
        qp.end()

    def drawGeometry(self, qp):
        qp.setPen(QtGui.QPen(QtCore.Qt.green, 8, QtCore.Qt.DashLine))
        qp.drawEllipse(40, 40, 400, 400)

然后您必须使用 Qt Designer 打开您的 .ui，右键单击小部件并在上下文菜单中选择提升至...，然后在对话框中填写以下内容：

按添加按钮，然后按升级按钮生成以下 .ui 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>MainWindow</class>
 <widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>731</width>
    <height>633</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>MainWindow</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="centralwidget">
   <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout">
    <item>
     <widget class="QGraphicsView" name="graphicsView">
      <property name="minimumSize">
       <size>
        <width>0</width>
        <height>200</height>
       </size>
      </property>
     </widget>
    </item>
    <item>
     <widget class="Drawer" name="widget" native="true">
      <property name="minimumSize">
       <size>
        <width>0</width>
        <height>250</height>
       </size>
      </property>
      <property name="maximumSize">
       <size>
        <width>16777215</width>
        <height>300</height>
       </size>
      </property>
     </widget>
    </item>
   </layout>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QMenuBar" name="menubar">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>0</x>
     <y>0</y>
     <width>731</width>
     <height>23</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusbar"/>
 </widget>
 <customwidgets>
  <customwidget>
   <class>Drawer</class>
   <extends>QWidget</extends>
   <header>mywidget</header>
   <container>1</container>
  </customwidget>
 </customwidgets>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

另一方面，QUiLoader 仅加载 Qt 默认提供的小部件，因此如果您想使用新的小部件，则必须覆盖 createWidget 方法：

ma​​in.py

import os
import sys
from PySide2 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets, QtUiTools

from mywidget import Drawer


class UiLoader(QtUiTools.QUiLoader):
    def createWidget(self, className, parent=None, name=""):
        if className == "Drawer":
            widget = Drawer(parent)
            widget.setObjectName(name)
            return widget
        return super(UiLoader, self).createWidget(className, parent, name)


class MainForm(QtCore.QObject):
    def __init__(self, ui_file, parent=None):
        super(MainForm, self).__init__(parent)
        ui_file = QtCore.QFile(ui_file)
        ui_file.open(QtCore.QFile.ReadOnly)

        ### Load UI file from Designer ###
        loader = UiLoader()
        self.ui_window = loader.load(ui_file)
        ui_file.close()
        self.ui_window.show()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setStyle("Fusion")
    file = os.path.join(
        os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), "./UI designer/testUI.ui"
    )
    form = MainForm(file)
    sys.exit(app.exec_())