linux管道和缓冲区，不知道如何让循环工作

Question

我正在为我正在学习的 Unix 课程用 C 语言编写一个 DB 程序。虽然我已经设法让所有管道、缓冲区和命令正常工作，但 while 循环却让我陷入了循环。该程序将完全执行第一个命令，接受第二个命令，但随后立即退出。我已经用错误检查加载了它，没有抛出任何东西，所以机制很好，但循环中的某个地方存在我无法识别的逻辑问题。

这里是存储库：https://gitlab.com/IrateSwami/c_pipes/tree/dev

示例运行：

1234567 102 08/11/18 4.00
1234567 101 08/14/18 14.00
3456787 9873 08/30/18 100.00
1234567 100 08/16/18 35.00
3456787 9874 09/30/18 4.00
12345 1010 09/01/18 34.00
1001001 905 08/14/18 9.00
1001001 903 08/30/18 11.00
12345 1001 09/14/18 16.00
12345 1111 08/24/18 2.00
12345 1112 08/31/18 44.00
1001001 902 09/25/18 19.00

Enter a command: add,1234567,999,01/01/01,99.99

Enter a command: list

虽然从 slave.c 文件中给我带来了麻烦：

// start the do-while loop for command stuff

// read in from the pipe
error_check = read(read_pipe, buffer, 1000);
if(error_check<0){
    perror("child process error, reading in from pipe");
    exit(-3);
}

// null terminate the end of buffer 
buffer[error_check] = '\0';

// here's where the command stuff starts 
char *first_command;
while(strcmp(first_command, "exit\n") != 0){
    // grab the first thing from the buffer, it'll be the command
    char *command = strtok(buffer, ",");
    first_command = command;
    printf("first command: %s\n", first_command);


    // now for the parameters
    int parameter_count = 0;
    char *parameters[4];

    while(command != NULL){
        command = strtok(NULL, ",");
        parameters[parameter_count] = command;
        parameter_count++;
    }

    // exit appropriately
    if(strcmp(first_command, "exit\n") == 0)
        return 9;

    // add a record
    else if(strcmp(first_command, "add") == 0){
        Record temp_record;
        temp_record.account_number = atoi(parameters[0]);
        temp_record.check_number = atoi(parameters[1]);
        temp_record.amount = atof(parameters[3]);
        strcmp(temp_record.transaction_date, parameters[2]);

        records[record_count] = temp_record;
        record_count++;

        error_check = write(write_pipe, "add completed", strlen(buffer));
        if(error_check<0){
            perror("error writing in add function");
            exit(-6);
        }
    }

    // delete a record
    else if(strcmp(first_command, "delete") == 0){
        for (int i = 0; i < record_count; i++){
            if(
            atoi(parameters[0]) == records[i].account_number && 
            atoi(parameters[1]) == records[i].check_number){

                records[i].account_number = 0;
                records[i].check_number = 0;
                records[i].amount = 0.0;
                strcpy(records[i].transaction_date, "\0");

            }
        }
    }

    // list all the records contained
    else if(strcmp(first_command, "list\n") == 0){

        // write all the records to the buffer 
        position = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < record_count; i++){
            position += sprintf(buffer+position, "%d %d %s %.2f\n", 
            records[i].account_number,
            records[i].check_number,
            records[i].transaction_date,
            records[i].amount);
        }

        printf("%s\n", buffer);

        // write the buffer to the pipe
        error_check = write(write_pipe, buffer, strlen(buffer));

        // check for errors
        if(error_check<0){
            perror("child process write error");
            exit(-4);
        }

        // make sure the length of the buffer was proper
        if(error_check!=strlen(buffer)){
            printf("child process error, buffer was a weird size\n");
            exit(-5);
        }
    }

    else{
        printf("you didn't input a correct command\n");
    }


    // empty out everything for reuse
    strcpy(buffer, "\0");
    command = "\0";
    first_command = "\0";
    for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        parameters[i] = "\0";

    // grab the new command 
    error_check = read(read_pipe, buffer, 1000);
    if(error_check<0){
        perror("child process error, reading in from pipe");
        exit(-5);
    }

    // null terminate the end of buffer 
    buffer[error_check] = '\0';

    printf("end of child do while buffer: %s\n", buffer);

}

Answer 1

首先，我们可以注意到，在第一个命令（add ...）发送给它之后，子（从）应该输出的内容并没有出现在屏幕上。

在第二个命令提示符下，如果您停止程序并执行ps，您会注意到孩子已经死了：

$ ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
27069 pts/29   00:00:00 master
27070 pts/29   00:00:00 slave <defunct>

slave 的一个主要问题是您将未初始化的first_command 与“退出”进行比较。该比较要求访问地址first_command 处的字节。如果该地址为 NULL，或者更普遍地在您的程序空间之外，您会得到一个分段错误，该错误会杀死孩子。

父进程如何忽视这一点？因为当你从管道中read 时，你只检查错误，而不是 EOF (0)，这意味着管道是空的并且是关闭的（IOW，孩子已经死了）。

修复：初始化变量

char *first_command = "";

（或者更好，使用do...while 循环）

您的代码中还有其他一些小问题，有些已经在 cmets 中报告给您，有些在使用 -Wall 编译时清晰显示（始终使用该标志并修复警告），还有一些等待您的睿智；- )