使用 d3 围绕自己的中心旋转 svg 路径

Question

我有一个用 Inkscape 制作的 SVG 路径（开关图标），我试图以编程方式围绕它自己的中心旋转 90 度。在我的适当网页中，我有许多这些图标都由那里的 ID 引用，因此这需要是我可以应用的通用解决方案。

看起来this 的问题是相同的，但 OP 从未跟进过，他们再也无法提供任何代码或小提琴。

我有一个小提琴 here，它显示了我的示例的所有内容。

knob = d3.select("#switch1")
knob.attr('transform', 'rotate(0 0 0)')

是我用于轮换的基本代码。我需要知道如何计算 x 和 y 值，以便可以使任何给定的图标指向示例中的开/关文本。或者使用d3 获得相同旋转效果的另一种方式

如果我这样做knob.attr('transform', 'rotate(90 0 0)')，那么图标就会从页面上消失——我认为0 0 是围绕其相对中心旋转？

如果我手动执行knob.attr('transform', 'rotate(90 15 15)')，我可以将其保留在页面上，但位置错误。

SVG 路径由;

       <path
       id="switch1"
       style="display:inline;fill:none;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.12199998;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1"
       d="m 35.741778,27.194664 -1.082299,0 0,-8.512001 1.082299,-9e-6 z m -5.563199,-4.274211 a 5.00005,5.000032 0 0 0 9.999999,2e-5 5.00005,5.000032 0 1 0 -9.999999,-2e-5 z"
       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />

完整的 SVG 标记可以在小提琴上找到。

Answer 1

你可以通过getBBox()获得<path>的位置：

const centre = knob.node().getBBox();

那么，只需要计算它的中心：

knob.attr("transform", "rotate(" + angle + ", " + 
    (centre.x + centre.width / 2) + ", " + (centre.y + centre.height / 2) + ")");

这里angle 显然是你想要的角度。

这是一个使用 SVG（但更小）的演示，单击 SVG 中的任意位置以旋转路径：

let toggle = 0;
let svg = d3.select("svg")
const knob = d3.select("#switch1")
const centre = knob.node().getBBox();
svg.on("click", function() {
  const angle = (toggle = 1 - toggle) ? 90 : 0;
  knob.attr("transform", "rotate(" + angle + ", " + (centre.x + centre.width / 2) + ", " + (centre.y + centre.height / 2) + ")");
})

svg {
 border: 1px solid gray;
 background-color: lavender;
 }

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/5.7.0/d3.min.js"></script>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->

<svg xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
  xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape" width="200" height="100" viewBox="0 0 50 50" id="svg2" version="1.1" inkscape:version="0.91 r13725" sodipodi:docname="bar.svg">
  <defs
     id="defs4" />
  <sodipodi:namedview
     id="base"
     pagecolor="#ffffff"
     bordercolor="#666666"
     borderopacity="1.0"
     inkscape:pageopacity="0.0"
     inkscape:pageshadow="2"
     inkscape:zoom="11.2"
     inkscape:cx="34.921875"
     inkscape:cy="1047.7595"
     inkscape:document-units="px"
     inkscape:current-layer="layer1"
     showgrid="true"
     inkscape:window-width="1920"
     inkscape:window-height="1033"
     inkscape:window-x="-4"
     inkscape:window-y="-4"
     inkscape:window-maximized="1">
    <inkscape:grid
       type="xygrid"
       id="grid4157" />
  </sodipodi:namedview>
  <metadata
     id="metadata7">
    <rdf:RDF>
      <cc:Work
         rdf:about="">
        <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
        <dc:type
           rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" />
        <dc:title />
      </cc:Work>
    </rdf:RDF>
  </metadata>
  <g
     inkscape:label="Layer 1"
     inkscape:groupmode="layer"
     id="layer1">
    <path
       id="switch1"
       style="display:inline;fill:none;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.12199998;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1"
       d="m 35.741778,27.194664 -1.082299,0 0,-8.512001 1.082299,-9e-6 z m -5.563199,-4.274211 a 5.00005,5.000032 0 0 0 9.999999,2e-5 5.00005,5.000032 0 1 0 -9.999999,-2e-5 z"
       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
    <text
       xml:space="preserve"
       style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:40px;line-height:125%;font-family:Sans;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
       x="25.714285"
       y="13.612206"
       id="text4135"
       sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan
         sodipodi:role="line"
         id="tspan4137"
         x="25.714285"
         y="13.612206"
         style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:10px;line-height:125%;font-family:Sans;-inkscape-font-specification:'Sans, Normal';text-align:start;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start">OFF</tspan></text>
    <text
       xml:space="preserve"
       style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:40px;line-height:125%;font-family:Sans;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
       x="44.566826"
       y="26.086744"
       id="text4135-2"
       sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan
         sodipodi:role="line"
         id="tspan4137-2"
         x="44.566826"
         y="26.086744"
         style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:10px;line-height:125%;font-family:Sans;-inkscape-font-specification:'Sans, Normal';text-align:start;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start">ON</tspan></text>
  </g>
</svg>

您还可以添加过渡：

let toggle = 0;
let svg = d3.select("svg")
const knob = d3.select("#switch1")
const centre = knob.node().getBBox();
const centreX = centre.x + centre.width / 2;
const centreY = centre.y + centre.height / 2;
svg.on("click", function() {
  const angle = (toggle = 1 - toggle) ? 90 : 0;
  knob.transition()
    .ease(d3.easeLinear)
    .attrTween("transform", function() {
      return d3.interpolateString("rotate(" + (90 - angle) + ", " + centreX + ", " + centreY + ")", "rotate(" + angle + ", " + centreX + ", " + centreY + ")")
    })
})

svg {
  border: 1px solid gray;
  background-color: lavender;
}

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/5.7.0/d3.min.js"></script>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->

<svg xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
  xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape" width="200" height="100" viewBox="0 0 50 50" id="svg2" version="1.1" inkscape:version="0.91 r13725" sodipodi:docname="bar.svg">
  <defs
     id="defs4" />
  <sodipodi:namedview
     id="base"
     pagecolor="#ffffff"
     bordercolor="#666666"
     borderopacity="1.0"
     inkscape:pageopacity="0.0"
     inkscape:pageshadow="2"
     inkscape:zoom="11.2"
     inkscape:cx="34.921875"
     inkscape:cy="1047.7595"
     inkscape:document-units="px"
     inkscape:current-layer="layer1"
     showgrid="true"
     inkscape:window-width="1920"
     inkscape:window-height="1033"
     inkscape:window-x="-4"
     inkscape:window-y="-4"
     inkscape:window-maximized="1">
    <inkscape:grid
       type="xygrid"
       id="grid4157" />
  </sodipodi:namedview>
  <metadata
     id="metadata7">
    <rdf:RDF>
      <cc:Work
         rdf:about="">
        <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
        <dc:type
           rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" />
        <dc:title />
      </cc:Work>
    </rdf:RDF>
  </metadata>
  <g
     inkscape:label="Layer 1"
     inkscape:groupmode="layer"
     id="layer1">
    <path
       id="switch1"
       style="display:inline;fill:none;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.12199998;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1"
       d="m 35.741778,27.194664 -1.082299,0 0,-8.512001 1.082299,-9e-6 z m -5.563199,-4.274211 a 5.00005,5.000032 0 0 0 9.999999,2e-5 5.00005,5.000032 0 1 0 -9.999999,-2e-5 z"
       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
    <text
       xml:space="preserve"
       style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:40px;line-height:125%;font-family:Sans;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
       x="25.714285"
       y="13.612206"
       id="text4135"
       sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan
         sodipodi:role="line"
         id="tspan4137"
         x="25.714285"
         y="13.612206"
         style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:10px;line-height:125%;font-family:Sans;-inkscape-font-specification:'Sans, Normal';text-align:start;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start">OFF</tspan></text>
    <text
       xml:space="preserve"
       style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:40px;line-height:125%;font-family:Sans;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1"
       x="44.566826"
       y="26.086744"
       id="text4135-2"
       sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan
         sodipodi:role="line"
         id="tspan4137-2"
         x="44.566826"
         y="26.086744"
         style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:10px;line-height:125%;font-family:Sans;-inkscape-font-specification:'Sans, Normal';text-align:start;writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start">ON</tspan></text>
  </g>
</svg>

Answer 2

虽然 Gerardo 的 answer 显示了显而易见且应用最广泛的解决方案，但还有其他方法可以做到这一点。这个答案有一些实验性的接触（Gerardo 报告它在 Safari 上被破坏），因为它列出了两种非现成的方法。将其视为探索可能性并添加到知识库中，而不是呈现惯用的方式。

---

您可以使用transform-origin CSS 属性来控制元素转换的原点，而不是获取边界框并做一些琐碎的数学运算。因为 Firefox 似乎以不同的方式处理这个问题，所以您还应该设置 transform-box:fill-box。然后将旋转的原点设置为50% 50% 将按照您最初预期的方式围绕其中心旋转元素。旁注：围绕中心旋转是 HTML 的默认行为，而 SVG 默认情况下围绕坐标原点旋转。

这是 Gerardo 演示的更精简版本：

let toggle = 0;
const svg = d3.select("svg")
const knob = d3.select("#switch1")
svg.on("click", function() {
  const angle = (toggle = 1 - toggle) ? 90 : 0;
  knob.attr("transform", "rotate(" + angle + ")");
})

path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #000000;
  stroke-width: 1.12199998;
  transform-box: fill-box;
  transform-origin: 50% 50%
}

text {
  font-size: 10px;
  font-family: Sans;
  fill: #000000;
}

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/5.7.0/d3.min.js"></script>

  <svg width="200" height="100" viewBox="0 0 50 50">
    <g>
      <path id="switch1"
         d="m 35,27 -1,0 0,-9 1,0 z m -5.7,-4 a 5,5 0 0 0 10,0 5,5 0 1 0 -10,0 z" />
      <text x="26" y="14">OFF</text>
      <text x="45" y="26">ON</text>
    </g>
  </svg>

您甚至可以使用 hidden-checkbox-label 技巧推动信封，完全无需 JavaScript！

path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #000000;
  stroke-width: 1.12199998;
  transform-box: fill-box;
  transform-origin: 50% 50%
}

text {
  font-size: 10px;
  font-family: Sans;
  fill: #000000;
}

#dummy {
  display: none;
}

#dummy:checked+label path {
  transform: rotate(90deg);
}

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/5.7.0/d3.min.js"></script>

<input type="checkbox" id="dummy">

<label for="dummy">
  <svg width="200" height="100" viewBox="0 0 50 50">
    <g>
      <path id="switch1"
         d="m 35,27 -1,0 0,-9 1,0 z m -5.7,-4 a 5,5 0 0 0 10,0 5,5 0 1 0 -10,0 z" />
      <text x="26" y="14">OFF</text>
      <text x="45" y="26">ON</text>
    </g>
  </svg>
</label>