父元素背景过滤器不适用于其子元素

Question

请参考以下sn-p。我想知道如何使背景过滤器应用于下拉菜单ul？

nav {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 50px;
  background: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 80%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 10%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  z-index: 1;
}

nav ul {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

nav li {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 20px;
  height: 50px;
  line-height: 50px;
}

nav li ul {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50px;
  left: 0;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  width: 200px;
  background: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 80%);
  opacity: 0;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  pointer-events: none;
}

nav li:hover ul {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: all;
}

nav li li {
  margin: 0;
  height: 30px;
  line-height: 30px;
}

<nav>
  <ul>
    <li>Nav 1</li>
    <li>Nav 2</li>
    <li>Nav 3
      <ul>
        <li>Nav 3-1</li>
        <li>Nav 3-2</li>
        <li>Nav 3-3</li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>

<main>

  <h2>What is Lorem Ipsum?</h2>
  <p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It
    has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop
    publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.</p>

  <h2>Why do we use it?</h2>
  <p>It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here,
    content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various
    versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).</p>

  <h2>Where does it come from?</h2>
  <p>Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up
    one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum
    et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section
    1.10.32.</p>
  <p>The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions
    from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.</p>

  <h2>Where can I get some?</h2>
  <p>There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly believable. If you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum,
    you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text. All the Lorem Ipsum generators on the Internet tend to repeat predefined chunks as necessary, making this the first true generator on the Internet. It uses a dictionary
    of over 200 Latin words, combined with a handful of model sentence structures, to generate Lorem Ipsum which looks reasonable. The generated Lorem Ipsum is therefore always free from repetition, injected humour, or non-characteristic words etc.</p>

</main>

Answer 1

您应该避免将backdrop-filter 应用于子菜单的父元素。想法是考虑一个可以拥有过滤器的伪元素：

nav {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 50px;
  background: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 80%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 10%);
  z-index: 1;
}
nav:before {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:-1;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  top:0;
  left:0;
  right:0;
  bottom:0;
}
nav ul {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

nav li {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 20px;
  height: 50px;
  line-height: 50px;
}

nav li ul {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50px;
  left: 0;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  width: 200px;
  background: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 80%);
  opacity: 0;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  pointer-events: none;
}

nav li:hover ul {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: all;
}

nav li li {
  margin: 0;
  height: 30px;
  line-height: 30px;
}

<nav>
  <ul>
    <li>Nav 1</li>
    <li>Nav 2</li>
    <li>Nav 3
      <ul>
        <li>Nav 3-1</li>
        <li>Nav 3-2</li>
        <li>Nav 3-3</li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>

<main>

  <h2>What is Lorem Ipsum?</h2>
  <p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It
    has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop
    publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.</p>

  <h2>Why do we use it?</h2>
  <p>It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here,
    content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various
    versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).</p>

  <h2>Where does it come from?</h2>
  <p>Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up
    one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum
    et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section
    1.10.32.</p>
  <p>The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions
    from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.</p>

  <h2>Where can I get some?</h2>
  <p>There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly believable. If you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum,
    you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text. All the Lorem Ipsum generators on the Internet tend to repeat predefined chunks as necessary, making this the first true generator on the Internet. It uses a dictionary
    of over 200 Latin words, combined with a handful of model sentence structures, to generate Lorem Ipsum which looks reasonable. The generated Lorem Ipsum is therefore always free from repetition, injected humour, or non-characteristic words etc.</p>

</main>

该问题与您可以在此处阅读的背景根概念有关：https://drafts.fxtf.org/filter-effects-2/#BackdropRoot。你会发现背景过滤器创建了一个背景根：

Backdrop Root 在文档中的任何位置由以下任一场景中的元素形成。有关每个触发器的更多详细信息，请参见 §3.2 背景根触发器：

文档的根元素 (HTML)。

具有“none”以外的过滤器属性的元素。

不透明度值小于 1 的元素。

具有 mask、mask-image、mask-border 或 clip-path 属性且值不是“none”的元素。

背景过滤器值不是“none”的元素。

具有“正常”以外的混合混合模式值的元素。

具有 will-change 值的元素指定将在非初始值上创建背景根的任何属性。

例如，如果父级应用了mix-blend-mode，则会发生同样的问题。子元素的背景过滤器将不再起作用

nav {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 50px;
  background: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 80%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 10%);
  z-index: 1;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  mix-blend-mode:color;
}

nav ul {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

nav li {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 20px;
  height: 50px;
  line-height: 50px;
}

nav li ul {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50px;
  left: 0;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  width: 200px;
  background: hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 80%);
  opacity: 0;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  pointer-events: none;
}

nav li:hover ul {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: all;
}

nav li li {
  margin: 0;
  height: 30px;
  line-height: 30px;
}

<nav>
  <ul>
    <li>Nav 1</li>
    <li>Nav 2</li>
    <li>Nav 3
      <ul>
        <li>Nav 3-1</li>
        <li>Nav 3-2</li>
        <li>Nav 3-3</li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>

<main>

  <h2>What is Lorem Ipsum?</h2>
  <p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It
    has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop
    publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.</p>

  <h2>Why do we use it?</h2>
  <p>It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here,
    content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various
    versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).</p>

  <h2>Where does it come from?</h2>
  <p>Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up
    one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum
    et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section
    1.10.32.</p>
  <p>The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions
    from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.</p>

  <h2>Where can I get some?</h2>
  <p>There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly believable. If you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum,
    you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text. All the Lorem Ipsum generators on the Internet tend to repeat predefined chunks as necessary, making this the first true generator on the Internet. It uses a dictionary
    of over 200 Latin words, combined with a handful of model sentence structures, to generate Lorem Ipsum which looks reasonable. The generated Lorem Ipsum is therefore always free from repetition, injected humour, or non-characteristic words etc.</p>

</main>