所以,经过反复试验,我设法提出了一个可行的解决方案。对于将来偶然发现这一点的任何人,以下是对我有用的方法。
概述
我最终使用了 System-V “SHM 风格”的共享内存。事实证明,此内存与正在运行的系统一起存储,直到它被明确删除(或系统重新启动)。我附加到它的任何进程,只要它在附加时提供适当的密钥。
问题解答
(1) 不,并不总是需要一个正在运行的进程来保留与系统一起存储的内存。
(2)随着各种调用的进入/退出,共享内存段被反复附加/分离。这些动作都不会导致内存被破坏;它会保留在系统中,直到明确删除。如果内存永远不被删除,它就会泄漏。
(3) 我无法回答是否有更好的 解决方案,但是 System-V 共享内存很容易设置并满足我的所有要求。
示例代码
注意:这是为了说明目的,可能需要进行优化。它应该可以正常工作,但是您需要根据您的确切要求填写一些空白。
/* Attaches to a shared memory segment. If the segment doesn't exist, it is
* created. If it does exist, it is attached and returned. Semaphores are
* expected to be handled by the caller. Returns 0 on success and -errno
* on failure.
*
* Params:
* size - Size of memory segment to create
* local - Pointer to attached memory region; populated by this function
*/
int16_t shm_attach(u_int32_t size, void **local)
{
key_t key;
int shmid;
// Create unique-ish key
key = ftok("/path/to/any/file", 'Z');
// Determine if shared segment already exists
shmid = shmget(key, size, 0666 | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL);
if (shmid == -1)
{
if (errno == EEXIST)
{
// Segment exists; attach to it and return
printf("%s: SHM exists\n", __func__);
shmid = shmget(key, size, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
printf("%s: SHM ID = %d\n", __func__, shmid);
*local = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
return 0;
} else
{
// Unexpected error
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Error while initializing shared memory: %d\n", __func__, -errno);
return -errno;
}
} else
{
// Segment didn't exist and was created; initialize and return it
printf("%s: SHM created\n", __func__);
printf("%s: SHM ID = %d\n", __func__, shmid);
*local = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
// Initialize shared memory with whatever contents you need here
memset(*local, 0x00, size);
// ...
return 0;
}
}
/* Detaches from a shared memory segment. Semaphores are expected to be
* handled by caller. Returns 0 on success and -errno on failure.
*
* Params:
* addr - Local address of shared memory segment
*/
int16_t shm_detach(void *addr)
{
if (shmdt(addr) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Error detaching shared memory: %d\n", __func__, -errno);
return -errno;
}
return 0;
}
// Fill this in with your actual data types
typedef struct {
int foo;
} your_shm_storage_t;
// Sample main with basic usage. Not that this will never delete the SHM
// block so the memory will technically leak until the next reboot. This
// is a sample, not the entire application. =P
int main()
{
sem_t *sem;
your_shm_storage_t *shared;
// Open shared memory
sem = sem_open("/your_sem_name", O_CREAT, 0666, 1);
sem_wait(sem);
shm_attach(sizeof(your_shm_storage_t), (void **)&shared);
// Do stuff with shared memory
shared->foo++;
printf("foo = %d\n", shared->foo);
shm_detach(shared);
sem_post(sem);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}