处理 WPF 窗口

Question

我有一个使用 Window.Show() 显示的 WPF 窗口。 当我单击 X 时，表单关闭。 但它仍在内存中，GC 永远不会来清理它。 我也没有任何参考/句柄。

有谁知道是什么导致它留在内存中？

谢谢！

更新： 我正在使用以下代码来创建窗口：

   Public Sub OpenPageWindow(ByVal nick As String)
        Dim found As Boolean

        For Each pw As PageWindow In Application.Current.Windows.OfType(Of PageWindow)()
            If Not pw.Tag Is Nothing Then
                If pw.Tag.ToString() = nick Then
                    If pw.IsVisible = False Then
                        pw.Show()
                    End If
                    Exit Sub
                End If
            End If
        Next

        If found = False Then
            Dim p As New PageWindow With {.Name = "pw" & nick, .Tag = nick, _
                                          .Title = "Chatting with " & nick, .ShowActivated = False}
            p.Show()
        End If
    End Sub

以及窗口本身的以下代码隐藏：

Public Class PageWindow
    Implements System.IDisposable

    Public UserPressedExit As Boolean
    Dim MainWin As MainWindow

    Private _IsBuddy As Boolean
    Private _IsBlocked As Boolean
    Private _IsOnline As Boolean

    Public Property FirstOpen As Boolean

    Public Property IsOnline As Boolean
        Get
            Return _IsOnline
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As Boolean)
            If _IsOnline <> value Then
                _IsOnline = value
            End If
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property IsBuddy As Boolean
        Get
            Return _IsBuddy
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As Boolean)
            If _IsBuddy <> value Then
                _IsBuddy = value
                'If value Then
                '    btnAddBuddy.IsEnabled = False
                '    iDeleteBuddy.IsEnabled = True
                'Else
                '    btnAddBuddy.IsEnabled = True
                '    iDeleteBuddy.IsEnabled = False
                'End If
            End If
        End Set
    End Property

    Private Sub Window_Loaded(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
        Try
            MainWin = CType(Application.Current.Windows(0), MainWindow)
        Catch ex As Exception
            txtChat.AppendText("ERROR: " & ex.Message.ToString() & Environment.NewLine)
        End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub Window_Closed(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
        Me.Dispose()
    End Sub

    Private Sub txtTitle_PreviewMouseDown(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Input.MouseButtonEventArgs)
        Me.DragMove()
    End Sub

    Private Sub pbMin_PreviewMouseUp(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Input.MouseButtonEventArgs)
        WindowState = Windows.WindowState.Minimized
    End Sub

    Private Sub pbClose_PreviewMouseUp(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Input.MouseButtonEventArgs)
        UserPressedExit = True
        txtChat.Clear()
        Me.Close()
    End Sub

    Private Sub txtSend_KeyUp(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Input.KeyEventArgs)
        If e.Key = Key.Enter Then
            btnSend_Click(Nothing, Nothing)
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub btnSend_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs)
        If String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(txtSend.Text) Then
            MessageBox.Show("Empty Message.")
            txtSend.Text = ""
        Else
            Send(txtSend.Text)

            txtSend.Text = ""
        End If
    End Sub

    Public Sub Page(ByVal message As String)
        If String.IsNullOrEmpty(message) = False Then
            If MainWin.Settings.ShowPageTimestamp Then
                txtChat.AppendText(Me.Tag.ToString() & " (" & Format(Date.Now, "HH:mm:ss") & "): " & message & Environment.NewLine)
            Else
                txtChat.AppendText(Me.Tag.ToString() & ": " & message & Environment.NewLine)
            End If

            If Me.IsFocused = False Then

            End If
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub Send(ByVal text As String)
        'work on 389 event
        MainWin.Send("PAGE " + Me.Tag.ToString + " " + text)

        If MainWin.Settings.ShowPageTimestamp Then
            txtChat.AppendText(MainWin.Settings.Nick & ": " & text & Environment.NewLine)
        Else
            txtChat.AppendText(MainWin.Settings.Nick & " (" & Format(Date.Now, "HH:mm:ss") & "): " & text & Environment.NewLine)
        End If
    End Sub

#Region "IDisposable Support"
    Private disposed As Boolean ' To detect redundant calls

    ' This code added by Visual Basic to correctly implement the disposable pattern.
    Public Sub Dispose() Implements IDisposable.Dispose
        ' Do not change this code.  Put cleanup code in Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean) above.
        Dispose(True)
        GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
    End Sub

    Protected Overridable Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
        If Not Me.disposed Then
            If disposing Then
                'dispose managed state (managed objects).
                RemoveHandler Me.Loaded, AddressOf Window_Loaded
                RemoveHandler txtTitle.PreviewMouseDown, AddressOf txtTitle_PreviewMouseDown
                RemoveHandler pbMin.PreviewMouseUp, AddressOf pbMin_PreviewMouseUp
                RemoveHandler pbClose.PreviewMouseUp, AddressOf pbClose_PreviewMouseUp
                RemoveHandler txtSend.KeyUp, AddressOf txtSend_KeyUp
                RemoveHandler btnSend.Click, AddressOf btnSend_Click
                RemoveHandler Me.Closed, AddressOf Window_Closed

                BindingOperations.ClearBinding(txtTitle, TextBlock.TextProperty)

                Me.Icon = Nothing
                ibBackground = Nothing
                'iDeleteBuddy = Nothing
                'btnAddBuddy = Nothing
                'iBlockUser = Nothing
                pbMin = Nothing
                pbClose = Nothing
                MainWin = Nothing

                Me.Resources.Clear()

                GC.Collect()
            End If
        End If
        Me.disposed = True
    End Sub

    Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
        ' Do not change this code.  Put cleanup code in Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean) above.
        Dispose(False)
        MyBase.Finalize()
    End Sub
#End Region
End Class

然后是 XAML 的以下代码：

<Window x:Class="PageWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="PageWindow" Height="300" Width="400"
        Icon="Images\R2.ico" WindowStyle="None" ResizeMode="NoResize"
        WindowStartupLocation="Manual" Loaded="Window_Loaded"
        BorderThickness="2" BorderBrush="#FFAE28"
        Closed="Window_Closed">
    <Window.Resources>
        <Style x:Key="sRenegadeButton" TargetType="Button">
            <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Franklin Gothic Medium" />
            <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="12px" />
            <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Bold" />
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#FFAE28" />
            <Setter Property="Template">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
                        <Border Name="Border" BorderBrush="#FFAE28" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3" 
                                Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" SnapsToDevicePixels="True">
                            <Border Name="innerborder" BorderBrush="#FFAE28" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3" 
                                    Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" SnapsToDevicePixels="True" Margin="1">
                                <ContentPresenter HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Name="content" />
                            </Border>
                        </Border>
                        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                                <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="BorderBrush" Value="#FFD528" />
                                <Setter TargetName="innerborder" Property="BorderBrush" Value="#FFD528" />
                                <Setter Property="Background" Value="#28FFAE28" />
                                <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#FFD528" />
                            </Trigger>
                            <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">
                                <Setter Property="Background" Value="#28FFAE28" />
                                <Setter TargetName="content" Property="RenderTransform" >
                                    <Setter.Value>
                                        <TranslateTransform Y="1.0" />
                                    </Setter.Value>
                                </Setter>
                            </Trigger>
                            <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                                <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="BorderBrush" Value="#80E6A023" />
                                <Setter TargetName="innerborder" Property="BorderBrush" Value="#80E6A023" />
                                <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#8CFFD528" />
                            </Trigger>
                        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                    </ControlTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>

        <Style x:Key="sRenegadeTextBox" TargetType="TextBox">
            <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Franklin Gothic Medium" />
            <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="12px" />
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#FFD528" />
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="#28FFAE28" />
            <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#FFAE28" />
            <Setter Property="CaretBrush" Value="#FFAE28" />
            <Setter Property="SelectionBrush" Value="#FFD528" />
            <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" />
            <Setter Property="Template">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="TextBox">
                        <Border Name="Bd" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" 
                                BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" 
                                Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" SnapsToDevicePixels="true">
                            <ScrollViewer Name="PART_ContentHost" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" 
                                          SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
                        </Border>
                        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                            <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                                <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#8CFFD528" />
                                <Setter Property="Background" Value="#1EFFAE28" />
                                <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#80E6A023" />
                                <Setter TargetName="PART_ContentHost" Property="Background" Value="#1EFFAE28"/>
                            </Trigger>
                        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                    </ControlTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="21" />
            <RowDefinition Height="32" />
            <RowDefinition Height="*" />
            <RowDefinition Height="27" />
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>

        <Grid.Background>
            <ImageBrush x:Name="ibBackground"  ImageSource="Images\page_back.gif" />
        </Grid.Background>

        <Border Grid.Row="0" BorderBrush="#FFAE28" BorderThickness="0,0,0,2" 
                SnapsToDevicePixels="True" />

        <Grid Name="gTitleBar" Grid.Row="0" Background="#32FFAE28">
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                <ColumnDefinition Width="30" />
                <ColumnDefinition Width="32" />
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

            <TextBlock Name="txtTitle" Grid.Column="0" Text="{Binding Title,RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor,AncestorType=Window}}"
                       HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Center"
                       TextAlignment="Left" Margin="4,0,1,0" 
                       PreviewMouseDown="txtTitle_PreviewMouseDown"
                       Foreground="#FED528" FontFamily="Franklin Gothic Medium" />

            <Image Name="pbMin" Grid.Column="1" Width="28" Height="15" 
                    HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
                    PreviewMouseUp="pbMin_PreviewMouseUp" Stretch="None">
                <Image.Style>
                    <Style TargetType="{x:Type Image}">
                        <Setter Property="Source" Value="Images\min.png" />

                        <Style.Triggers>
                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                                <Setter Property="Source" Value="Images\min_o.png" />
                            </Trigger>
                        </Style.Triggers>
                    </Style>
                </Image.Style>
            </Image>
            <Image Name="pbClose" Grid.Column="2" Width="28" Height="15" 
                    HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center"
                    PreviewMouseUp="pbClose_PreviewMouseUp" Stretch="None">
                <Image.Style>
                    <Style TargetType="{x:Type Image}">
                        <Setter Property="Source" Value="Images\close2.png" />

                        <Style.Triggers>
                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                                <Setter Property="Source" Value="Images\close2_o.png" />
                            </Trigger>
                        </Style.Triggers>
                    </Style>
                </Image.Style>
            </Image>
        </Grid>

        <Grid Grid.Row="1">
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                <ColumnDefinition Width="25" />
                <ColumnDefinition Width="25" />
                <ColumnDefinition Width="25" />
                <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

            <!--<Button Name="btnAddBuddy" Grid.Column="1" Margin="0,2,0,0">
                <Button.Style>
                    <Style TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
                        <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
                        <Setter Property="Template">
                            <Setter.Value>
                                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
                                    <Grid>
                                        <Border Name="Border" BorderBrush="Transparent" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3" 
                                            Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" SnapsToDevicePixels="True">

                                        </Border>
                                        <Image Name="iAddBuddy" Margin="1" Source="Images\Add Buddy 32x36.png" />
                                        <Image Name="iAddBuddyDissabled" Margin="1" Source="Images\Add Buddy 32x36.png" Visibility="Hidden" />
                                    </Grid>

                                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                                        <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="BorderBrush" Value="#FFD528" />
                                        </Trigger>
                                        <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">
                                            <Setter Property="Background" Value="#FFD528" />
                                        </Trigger>
                                        <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="BorderBrush" Value="Transparent" />
                                            <Setter TargetName="iAddBuddy" Property="Visibility" Value="Hidden" />
                                            <Setter TargetName="iAddBuddyDissabled" Property="Visibility" Value="Visible" />
                                        </Trigger>
                                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                                </ControlTemplate>
                            </Setter.Value>
                        </Setter>
                    </Style>
                </Button.Style>
            </Button>

            <Border Name="bDeleteBuddyBorder" Grid.Column="2" BorderThickness="1"
                    SnapsToDevicePixels="True" Margin="0,2,0,0">
                <Image Name="iDeleteBuddy" Margin="1" IsEnabled="True"
                   Source="Images\Delete 32x32.png">
                    <Image.Style>
                        <Style TargetType="{x:Type Image}">
                            <Style.Triggers>
                                <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                                    <Setter Property="Source" Value="Images\Delete Disabled 32x32.png" />
                                </Trigger>
                            </Style.Triggers>
                        </Style>
                    </Image.Style>
                </Image>
                <Border.Style>
                    <Style TargetType="Border">
                        <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Transparent" />
                        <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
                        <Style.Triggers>
                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                                <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#FFD528" />
                            </Trigger>
                        </Style.Triggers>
                    </Style>
                </Border.Style>
            </Border>

            <Border Name="bBlockUserBorder" Grid.Column="3" BorderThickness="1"
                    SnapsToDevicePixels="True" Margin="0,2,0,0">
                <Image Name="iBlockUser" Margin="1" IsEnabled="True"
                       Source="Images\Block Buddy 32x36.png">
                    <Image.Style>
                        <Style TargetType="{x:Type Image}">
                            <Style.Triggers>
                                <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                                    <Setter Property="Source" Value="Images\Block Buddy Dissabled 32x36.png" />
                                </Trigger>
                            </Style.Triggers>
                        </Style>
                    </Image.Style>
                </Image>
                <Border.Style>
                    <Style TargetType="Border">
                        <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Transparent" />
                        <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
                        <Style.Triggers>
                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                                <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="#FFD528" />
                            </Trigger>
                        </Style.Triggers>
                    </Style>
                </Border.Style>
            </Border>-->
        </Grid>

        <TextBox Name="txtChat" Grid.Row="2" Margin="4,2,4,2"
                 Style="{StaticResource sRenegadeTextBox}" UndoLimit="0" />

        <Grid Grid.Row="3">
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                <ColumnDefinition Width="45" />
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

            <TextBox Name="txtSend" Grid.Column="0" MaxLength="495" 
                     Height="22" Margin="4,1,2,4" VerticalContentAlignment="Center" 
                     Style="{StaticResource sRenegadeTextBox}" UndoLimit="0"
                     KeyUp="txtSend_KeyUp" />
            <Button Name="btnSend" Content="Send" Grid.Column="1" 
                    Style="{StaticResource sRenegadeButton}" 
                    Height="22" Width="40" Margin="0,1,4,4" Click="btnSend_Click" />
        </Grid>
    </Grid>
</Window>

基本上，即使我创建一个带有主网格背景图像的空 WPF 窗口和 2 个打开和关闭事件处理程序，它仍然保留在内存中，但是当所有“空 wpf”窗口都关闭时，内存只会减少一点。只是一点点。为什么不完全丢弃简单的窗口？我什至尝试过实现上面编码的已处置功能。

Answer 1

首先，通过使用真正的内存工具，例如 redgate 的内存分析器，确保您的内存问题与您认为的一样（即没有被清理），该工具有免费试用版 (http://www.red -gate.com/products/ants_memory_profiler/)。

然后，如果您仍然遇到问题，分析器将突出显示告诉 GC 不要清理它的内容（其他对象的引用等）。

根据一个快速的猜测，我会说它可能是您连接的事件处理程序，一旦完成，请尝试取消订阅它们。

另外，如其他地方所述，请致电GC.Collect 进一步检查

Answer 2

如果您正在泄漏句柄，那么与内存同样重要的是 - 在进程中（在任务管理器中）为 GDI 对象和句柄添加一列。

当您打开和关闭窗口时，它会增加和减少 - 如果没有泄漏 - 泄漏会带来一些内存。 我不会太担心某些 kb 不会立即消失，它们最终会被清理或重复使用，但手柄必须消失，这样它们才能成为一个很好的指示。

当使用静态事件处理程序或其他包含对控件或窗口的引用的静态结构（即静态字典或哈希表）时，通常会出现泄漏。如果需要引用，请记住在关闭时清理它或使用 Wea​​kReference。

仅当您将资源作为窗口/类上的成员变量并且必须正确实施时才需要 Dispose 方法（您的确实看起来正确 - 但不必要:) - 您还必须确保 Dispose() 实际上是叫……

Answer 3

有谁知道是什么导致它留在内存中？

您的窗口是否监听任何外部事件？如果是这样，使用弱事件管理器可能会解决您的问题：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa970850.aspx。

Answer 4

您确定运行时在这种情况下会执行垃圾回收吗？

我认为在这种情况下 GC 很可能不需要执行垃圾收集。确保在您的代码中调用GC.Collect，看看这是否会改变。