Python tkinter 按钮小部件在父 Toplevel 小部件类之外执行功能

Question

根据一些 youtube 示例开始编写 tkinter 程序：

import os
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
import sys


def login():
    username = user_entry.get()
    pw = password_entry.get()
    if (user, pw) in Users:
        if (username, pw) == ('Admin', 'AdminPassword'):
            '''LOAD FIRST TIME ADMIN LOGON???????'''
            login_window.destroy()
        else:
            '''LOAD NORMAL USER or NORMAL ADMIN WINDOW'''
    else:
        warn.config(text="Invalid Username or Password", fg="black", bg='red')




class main_window(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.title('Pilot Flight and Duty Tracker')
        self.geometry('1000x700+250+50')
        self.resizable(width = False, height = False)
        self._frame = None
        Login_Window = Login(self)

        Users = [('Admin','AdminPassword')]

    def switch_frame(self, frame_name):
        new_frame = frame_name(self)
        if self._frame is not None:
            self._frame.destroy()
        self._frame = new_frame
        self._frame.pack()




class Login(tk.Toplevel):
    def __init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Toplevel.__init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs)
        self.title('User Login')
        self.resizable(width = False, height = False)
        self.attributes('-topmost', True)
        self.geometry('230x200+625+275')
        self.title('User Login')
        self.grab_set()
        self.transient(master)
        userlabel = tk.Label(self, text="Employee ID:", font='arial 10 bold')
        userlabel.place(x=25, y=5)
        user_entry = tk.Entry(self, relief='groove', width=25, font='arial 10', bd=1)
        user_entry.place(x=25, y=30)
        passwordlabel = tk.Label(self, text="Password:", font='arial 10 bold')
        passwordlabel.place(x=25, y=70)
        password_entry = tk.Entry(self, relief='groove', width=25, font='arial 10', show="*", bd=1)
        password_entry.place(x=25, y=95)
        warn = tk.Label(self, font='arial 10 bold')
        warn.place(x=25, y=135)
        button = tk.Button(self, text="Login", relief='groove', width=12, font='arial 15 bold', justify='center', command=login)
        button.place(x=37, y=140)


run = main_window()
run.mainloop()

在我需要 Toplevel 小部件的“按钮”来调用“登录”功能之前工作正常。我知道我可能可以在函数中添加一些东西来解决所有这些问题，但是，似乎无论我将函数放置在哪里，或者它的缩进级别，我总是在回调时遇到错误。如果我将函数放在顶级小部件的 init 和其余按钮、标签等之间，它们不会使用顶层小部件的其余部分进行初始化。那么，有没有办法让这个函数在我定义的 Toplevel 小部件类中工作？

Answer 1

将你的变量作为类变量添加到__init__，这样它就可以在类的其他方法中访问 -

import os
import Tkinter as tk
import ttk
import sys


class main_window(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.title('Pilot Flight and Duty Tracker')
        self.geometry('1000x700+250+50')
        self.resizable(width = False, height = False)
        self._frame = None
        Login_Window = Login(self)

        Users = [('Admin','AdminPassword')]

    def switch_frame(self, frame_name):
        new_frame = frame_name(self)
        if self._frame is not None:
            self._frame.destroy()
        self._frame = new_frame
        self._frame.pack()




class Login(tk.Toplevel):
    def __init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Toplevel.__init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs)
        self.title('User Login')
        self.resizable(width = False, height = False)
        self.attributes('-topmost', True)
        self.geometry('230x200+625+275')
        self.title('User Login')
        self.grab_set()
        self.transient(master)
        userlabel = tk.Label(self, text="Employee ID:", font='arial 10 bold')
        userlabel.place(x=25, y=5)
        self.user_entry = tk.Entry(self, relief='groove', width=25, font='arial 10', bd=1)
        self.user_entry.place(x=25, y=30)
        passwordlabel = tk.Label(self, text="Password:", font='arial 10 bold')
        passwordlabel.place(x=25, y=70)
        self.password_entry = tk.Entry(self, relief='groove', width=25, font='arial 10', show="*", bd=1)
        self.password_entry.place(x=25, y=95)
        self.warn = tk.Label(self, font='arial 10 bold')
        self.warn.place(x=25, y=135)
        button = tk.Button(self, text="Login", relief='groove', width=12, font='arial 15 bold', justify='center', command=self.login)
        button.place(x=37, y=140)

    def login(self):
        self.username = self.user_entry.get()
        self.pw = self.password_entry.get()
        if (self.username, self.pw) in Users:
            if (self.username, self.pw) == ('Admin', 'AdminPassword'):
                '''LOAD FIRST TIME ADMIN LOGON???????'''
                self.destroy()
            else:
                '''LOAD NORMAL USER or NORMAL ADMIN WINDOW'''
        else:
            self.warn.config(text="Invalid Username or Password", fg="black", bg='red')


run = main_window()
run.mainloop()