Pygame 在使用 .collide() 时增加玩家分数

Question

碰撞检测在我的游戏中有效，但我似乎找不到任何方法来增加每次碰撞时移除子弹时的得分计数器。

[相关代码]

[类子弹]

def collide(self, spriteGroup):
    return pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, spriteGroup, False)

[类对手]

def collide(self, spriteGroup):
    return pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, spriteGroup, True)

[全球]

all_sprites_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
bullet_list = pygame.sprite.Group()

player = Agent()

all_sprites_list.add(player)
opponent = Opponent()
all_sprites_list.add(opponent)

[游戏内循环]

bullet = Bullet()
Agent()
Opponent()
bullet_list.add(opponent)
# Call the update() method on all the sprites
all_sprites_list.update()


for b in bullet_list:
    bullet_list.remove(b)#Otherwise it'll detect itself
    b.collide(bullet_list)
    bullet_list.add(b)

[Attempts] 我尝试将 collide 方法设置为 if 语句并将 1 添加到 player.score 然后返回当前代码中显示的相同内容，但每次都开始添加超过 1一颗子弹与对手相撞。我还在游戏循环中尝试了相同的方法，在 b.collide(bullet_list) 上使用 if 语句，但在打印 player.score 时也返回了一个数字流。我尝试搜索 .collide 返回的内容，但只能在 pygame.sprite.collide_rect 等命令中使用它。我使用了 .collide，因为它在 this tutorial 中使用过。有没有其他方法可以做到这一点，还是我使用的命令有误？

[游戏代码]

import pygame
import time
import random
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()

display_width = 1002
display_height = 720

black = (0,0,0)
white = (255,255,255)
blue = (53,155,255)

gameDisplay = pygame.display.set_mode((display_width,display_height)) #creates surface/ display
clock = pygame.time.Clock() #sets a clock
bulletpicture = pygame.image.load("bullet.png")
bullet_width = 12
bullet_height = 5
blob_width = 51
blob_height = 51


class Agent(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load("blob2.png").convert()
        self.image.set_colorkey(white)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.score = 0
        self.previous_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        self.speed = 5

    def update(self):
        """ Update the player's position. """
        self.movex = 0
        self.movey = 0

        keystate = pygame.key.get_pressed()

        #set boundaries:
        if self.rect.y < 0:
            self.rect.y = 0
        if self.rect.y > display_height - blob_height:
            self.rect.y = display_height - blob_height
        if self.rect.x < 0:
            self.rect.x = 0
        if self.rect.x > 401 - blob_width:
            self.rect.x = 401 - blob_width

        #player movements
        if keystate[pygame.K_a]:
            self.movex = -self.speed
        elif keystate[pygame.K_d]:
            self.movex = self.speed
        if keystate[pygame.K_w]:
            self.movey = -self.speed
        elif keystate[pygame.K_s]:
            self.movey = self.speed
        if keystate[pygame.K_SPACE]:
            self.shoot()

        self.rect.x += self.movex
        self.rect.y += self.movey

    def shoot(self):
        # to tell the bullet where to spawn
        current_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        # ready to fire when 500 ms have passed.
        if current_time - self.previous_time > 500:
            self.previous_time = current_time
            all_sprites_list.add(bullet)
            bullet_list.add(bullet)

class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    """ This class represents the bullet . """

    def __init__(self):
        # Call the parent class (Sprite) constructor
        super().__init__()

        self.image = pygame.image.load("bullet.png").convert()
        self.image.set_colorkey(white)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = player.rect.x + 20
        self.rect.y = player.rect.y + 20

    def update(self):
        """ Move the bullet. """
        self.rect.x += 5

    def collide(self, spriteGroup):
        return pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, spriteGroup, False)


class Opponent(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load("blob2.png").convert()
        self.image.set_colorkey(white)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.velocity = [3, 3]
        self.rect.x = display_width/1.2
        self.rect.y = display_height/1.2
        self.previous_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        self.bullet_lst = []
        self.lives = 3

    def update(self):
        self.rect.x += self.velocity[0]
        self.rect.y += self.velocity[1]
        if self.rect.x + blob_width > display_width or self.rect.x < 601:
            self.velocity[0] = -self.velocity[0]

        if self.rect.y + blob_height > display_height or self.rect.y < 0:
            self.velocity[1] = -self.velocity[1]

        for b in range(len(self.bullet_lst)):
            self.bullet_lst[b][0] -= 6

        for bullet in self.bullet_lst:
            if bullet[0] < 0:
                self.bullet_lst.remove(bullet)

        current_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        # ready to fire when 500 ms have passed.
        if current_time - self.previous_time > 600:
            self.previous_time = current_time
            self.bullet_lst.append([self.rect.x + 25, self.rect.y + 24])

    def collide(self, spriteGroup):
        return pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, spriteGroup, True)


all_sprites_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
bullet_list = pygame.sprite.Group()

player = Agent()

all_sprites_list.add(player)
opponent = Opponent()
all_sprites_list.add(opponent)


done = False
while not done:
    x = (display_width * 0.08)
    y = (display_height * 0.2)
    # --- Event Processing
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            done = True

    # --- Game logic
    bullet = Bullet()
    Agent()
    Opponent()
    bullet_list.add(opponent)
    # Call the update() method on all the sprites
    all_sprites_list.update()

    for b in bullet_list:
        bullet_list.remove(b)#Otherwise it'll detect itself
        b.collide(bullet_list)
        bullet_list.add(b)

    # Calculate mechanics for each bullet
    for bullet in bullet_list:
        # Remove the bullet if it flies up off the screen
        if bullet.rect.x > 1010:
            bullet_list.remove(bullet)
            all_sprites_list.remove(bullet)

    # --- Draw a frame

    # Clear the screen
    gameDisplay.fill(blue)

    # Draw all the spites
    all_sprites_list.draw(gameDisplay)


    for bullet in opponent.bullet_lst:
        gameDisplay.blit(bulletpicture, pygame.Rect(bullet[0], bullet[1], 0, 0))
        if bullet[0] + bullet_width < player.rect.x + blob_width and bullet[0] > player.rect.x:
            if bullet[1] > player.rect.y and bullet[1] < player.rect.y + blob_height or bullet[1] + bullet_height > player.rect.y and bullet[1] + bullet_height < player.rect.y + blob_height:
                opponent.bullet_lst.remove(bullet)
                opponent.lives -= 1


    # Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
    pygame.display.flip()

    # --- Limit to 20 frames per second
    clock.tick(60)

Answer 1

使用pygame.sprite.spritecollide 查看哪些子弹与对手相撞：collided_bullets = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(opponent, bullet_list, True)。它返回一个碰撞子弹的列表，您可以使用 for 循环对其进行迭代以增加分数并减少生命（每个碰撞子弹一次）。

编辑：如果要移除对手并且同时应该有很多对手，最好使用pygame.sprite.groupcollide并传递对手组和子弹组作为参数。 groupcollide 返回一个字典，其中碰撞的对手作为键，列表中的子弹作为值。一旦对手的lives 用完，就会调用kill 方法，将其从all_sprites 和opponent 组中删除。

这是一个最小的完整示例：

import pygame


pygame.init()

display_width = 1002
display_height = 720
blue = (53,155,255)

gameDisplay = pygame.display.set_mode((display_width,display_height))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
bulletpicture = pygame.Surface((12, 5))
bulletpicture.fill((20, 30, 20))


class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    """This class represents the bullet."""

    def __init__(self, pos):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = bulletpicture
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center=pos)

    def update(self):
        """Move the bullet."""
        self.rect.x += 5
        # Remove the bullet if it flies up off the screen
        if self.rect.x > display_width+12:
            self.kill()  # Remove the sprite from all sprite groups.


class Opponent(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.Surface((30, 50))
        self.image.fill((250, 130, 20))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = display_width/1.2
        self.rect.y = display_height/1.2
        self.lives = 3

    def update(self):
        if self.lives <= 0:
            self.kill()  # Remove the sprite from all sprite groups.


all_sprites_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
bullet_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
opponents = pygame.sprite.Group()
opponent = Opponent()
all_sprites_list.add(opponent)
opponents.add(opponent)

score = 0

done = False
while not done:
    # --- Event Processing
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            done = True
        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            # Click a mouse button to instantiate a bullet.
            bullet = Bullet(event.pos)
            bullet_list.add(bullet)
            all_sprites_list.add(bullet)

    # --- Game logic
    # Call the update() method on all the sprites.
    all_sprites_list.update()

    # Check which bullets have collided with the opponents.
    collided_opponents = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(opponents, bullet_list, False, True)
    for opponent, bullets in collided_opponents.items():
        for bullet in bullets:
            score += 1  # Increment the score.
            opponent.lives -= 1  # Decrement the lives.
            pygame.display.set_caption(str(score))

    # --- Draw a frame
    gameDisplay.fill(blue)
    all_sprites_list.draw(gameDisplay)

    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)