使用 Xlib 和 Cairo 库制作屏幕截图 [失败]

Question

我正在尝试使用 Xlib 和 Cairo 制作屏幕截图，但我不确定这样做是否好，“stride”真的让我很困惑.

代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <cairo.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

    int x, y;

    Display *disp;
    Window root;
    XWindowAttributes watts;
    XImage *image;
    cairo_surface_t *surface;
    unsigned int width;
    unsigned int height;
    int stride;

    disp = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
    root = DefaultRootWindow(disp);
    XGetWindowAttributes(disp, root, &watts);
    width = watts.width;
    height = watts.height;

    image = XGetImage(disp, root, watts.x, watts.y, width, height, AllPlanes, ZPixmap);
    stride = cairo_format_stride_for_width(CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24, width);
    unsigned char *data = malloc(width * height * 3);

    for (y = 0; y < height; ++y)
        for (x = 0; x < width; ++x) {

            unsigned long pixel = XGetPixel(image, x, y);

            unsigned char red = (image->red_mask & pixel);
            unsigned char green = (image->green_mask & pixel) >> 8;
            unsigned char blue = (image->blue_mask & pixel) >> 16;

            data[(y * width + x) * 3] = red;
            data[(y * width + x) * 3 + 1] = green;
            data[(y * width + x) * 3 + 2] = blue;
        }


    surface = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data(
            data,
            CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24,
            width, height,
            stride);

    cairo_surface_write_to_png(
            surface,
            "test.png");


    cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
    free(data);

    return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

当我编译并运行程序时，一切似乎都运行良好。然而，这是生成的图像：

一团糟对吗？ 我可能做错了什么？

Answer 1

与其做所有这些复杂的魔法，不如让 cairo 为你做：

#include <cairo.h>
#include <cairo-xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    Display *disp;
    Window root;
    cairo_surface_t *surface;
    int scr;

    disp = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
    scr = DefaultScreen(disp);
    root = DefaultRootWindow(disp);

    surface = cairo_xlib_surface_create(disp, root, DefaultVisual(disp, scr),
            DisplayWidth(disp, scr), DisplayHeight(disp, scr));
    cairo_surface_write_to_png(
            surface,
            "test.png");
    cairo_surface_destroy(surface);

    return 0;
}

Answer 2

TFM：

CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24
    each pixel is a 32-bit quantity, with the upper 8 bits unused

TFM：

stride = cairo_format_stride_for_width (format, width);
data = malloc (stride * height);

因此，正确的指数计算是

data[y * stride + x * 4 + 0] = blue;
data[y * stride + x * 4 + 1] = green;
data[y * stride + x * 4 + 2] = red;    /* yes, in this order */

此外，蒙版是从图像中提取的，而移位是硬编码的，这完全没有意义。计算掩码的偏移量。