添加多个服务时，Spring Boot 集成测试失败

Question

我有一个 Spring Boot 应用程序，它具有一个控制器类、一个服务和一个存储库，运行良好。我已经为此添加了 Junit 测试用例，而且效果也很好。

@RestController
public class EmployeeController{
    @Autowired
    EmployeeService service;

    @GetMapping("/list")
    public List<Employee> getEmployee(){
       return service.findAll();
    }
}


@Service
public class EmployeeService{
   
   @Autowired
   EmployeeRepository repository;

   public List<Employee> findAll(){
      return repository.findAll();
   }
}

@Repository
public interface EmployeeRepository extends JpaRepository<Employee, String>{}

测试类如下。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(value = EmployeeController.class)
class EmployeeControllerIntegrationTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @MockBean
    private EmployeeService service;

    @Test
    public void findAllEmployeeTest(){
    }
}

测试用例一直通过，但目前我正在添加另一个 API，因为下面所有测试都失败了。

@RestController
public class DepartmentController{
    @Autowired
    DepartmentService service;

    @GetMapping("/list")
    public List<Department> getDepartment(){
       return service.findAll();
    }
}


@Service
public class DepartmentService{
   
   @Autowired
   DepartmentRepository repository;

   public List<Department> findAll(){
      return repository.findAll();
   }
}
@Repository
public interface DepartmentRepository extends JpaRepository<Department, String>{}

测试类如下。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(value = DepartmentController.class)
class DepartmentControllerIntegrationTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @MockBean
    private DepartmentService service;

    @Test
    public void findAllDepartmentTest(){
    }
}

添加部门服务测试用例后失败并出现以下错误：

Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'departmentController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'departmentService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'departmentService': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'repository'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.employeeapp.data.repository.DepartmentRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

干杯！

Answer 1

No qualifying bean of type 'com.employeeapp.data.repository.DepartmentRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate.

Spring 寻找 TYPE 的 bean：DepartmentRepository。

1. 定义 Bean

@Repository
public interface DepartmentRepository extends JpaRepository<Department, String>{}

在此处添加注解@Repository，以便Spring可以将DepartmentRepository变成一个Bean。

1. 自动装配正确的类型和名称

@Service
public class DepartmentService{
   
   @Autowired
   private DepartmentRepository repository; // The best practice is to write the full bean name here departmentRepository.

   public List<Department> findAll(){
      return repository.findAll();
   }
}

Answer 2

就我所见，您尝试通过模拟您的服务来进行 IT 测试。在 IT 测试中，您不会模拟您的服务。在集成测试中，您测试所有这些都可以一起工作。如果您不模拟存储库，它更像是一个 E2E 测试（端到端测试所有交互路径）。

如果没有要测试的逻辑和/或不想写入数据库，您可以模拟存储库。

所以如果是单元测试，你可以试试（它适用于我的项目），我使用 Junit 5 (org.junit.jupiter)

    @WebMvcTest(DepartementController.class)
    public class DepartementControllerTest {
    
      @MockBean
      private DepartmentService departmentService;
    
    
      @Autowired
      MockMvc mockMvc;
    
    @Test
    public void findAllTest(){
     // You can create a list for the mock to return
    when(departmentService.findAll()).thenReturn(anyList<>);
    
    //check if the controller return something
    assertNotNull(departmentController.findAll());
    
    //you check if the controller call the service
    Mockito.verify(departmentService, Mockito.times(1)).findAll(anyList());
    }

这是一个单元测试。

It 测试会更像

    @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public class DepartmentIT {
    
    
      @Autowired
      DepartmentService departmentService;
    
      @Autowired
      private WebApplicationContext wac;
    
      private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
      @BeforeEach
      void setUp() {
        this.mockMvc =
                MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac)
                        .build();
      }
    
      @Test
      void departmentFindAll() throws Exception {
        MvcResult mvcResult = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/YOUR_CONTROLLER_URL")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().is(200))
                .andReturn();
    
        
assertTrue(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString().contains("SOMETHING_EXPECTED"));
        assertTrue(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString().contains("SOMETHING_EXPECTED"));
        assertTrue(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString().contains("SOMETHING_EXPECTED"));
    
    //You also can check its not an empty list, no errors are thrown etc...
    
      }

进口使用所以你不要搜索太多是

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;