使用 C++11 std::bind 和 auto 为回调函数参数编译错误

Question

您好，我在编译以下代码时遇到问题。我正在使用 auto 和 std::bind 来绑定带有参数的回调函数。但是，在将此回调函数作为参数传递后，它会出现编译问题。您是否发现以下函数声明存在问题：

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;

class VmapPlayer
{
    public:
        void startPlayback();
        void playAdBreak(int adBreak, void (VmapPlayer::*callback)());
        void playSingleAd(int ad, void (VmapPlayer::*callback)(int adBreak, void (VmapPlayer::*cb)()));
};

void VmapPlayer::playSingleAd(int ad, void (VmapPlayer::*callback)(int adBreak, void (VmapPlayer::*cb)()))
{
    cout << "i am here" << endl;

    // OPTION #1 I would like to call this function
    //(this->*callback)(adBreak, cb);

    // OPTION #2 I would like this call this function without the params:
    //(this->*callback)();
}

void VmapPlayer::playAdBreak(int adBreak, void (VmapPlayer::*callback)())
{
    auto cb = std::bind(&VmapPlayer::playAdBreak, adBreak, callback);
    playSingleAd(123, cb);
}

void VmapPlayer::startPlayback()
{
    playAdBreak(456, &VmapPlayer::startPlayback);
}

int main()
{
    VmapPlayer p;
    p.startPlayback();

    return 0;
}

编译错误日志如下：

main.cpp||In member function 'void VmapPlayer::playAdBreak(int, void (VmapPlayer::*)())':|
main.cpp|28|error: no matching function for call to 'VmapPlayer::playSingleAd(int, std::_Bind<std::_Mem_fn<void (VmapPlayer::*)(int, void (VmapPlayer::*)())>(int, void (VmapPlayer::*)())>&)'|
main.cpp|28|note: candidate is:|
main.cpp|14|note: void VmapPlayer::playSingleAd(int, void (VmapPlayer::*)(int, void (VmapPlayer::*)()))|
main.cpp|14|note:   no known conversion for argument 2 from 'std::_Bind<std::_Mem_fn<void (VmapPlayer::*)(int, void (VmapPlayer::*)())>(int, void (VmapPlayer::*)())>' to 'void (VmapPlayer::*)(int, void (VmapPlayer::*)())'|
||=== Build finished: 1 errors, 0 warnings (0 minutes, 0 seconds) ===|

---

我想我的问题可以简化为：

playSingleAd() 的函数声明需要什么才能成功编译以下内容？：

void VmapPlayer::playAdBreak(int adBreak, void (VmapPlayer::*callback)())
{
    auto cb = std::bind(&VmapPlayer::playAdBreak, adBreak, callback);
    playSingleAd(123, cb);
}

Answer 1

当您将方法绑定到完全提供的参数时，生成的仿函数不接受任何参数。在您的代码中，playSingleAd 采用一个函数指针作为参数，该函数指针是在调用时提供其参数的函数指针。因为您已经将参数绑定到该函数指针，所以不能在函数签名中指定其参数。

无论如何，使用std::function 可以改进您的代码。此外，该函数必须将实例作为参数，如下面playSingleAd 的实现所示：

class VmapPlayer
{
public:
    void startPlayback();
    void playAdBreak(int adBreak, void (VmapPlayer::*callback)());
    void playSingleAd(int ad, std::function<void (VmapPlayer&)>);
};

void VmapPlayer::playSingleAd(int, std::function<void (VmapPlayer&)> callback)
{
    cout << "i am here" << endl;
    callback(*this);
}

void VmapPlayer::playAdBreak(int adBreak, void (VmapPlayer::*callback)())
{
    using namespace std::placeholders;
    auto cb = std::bind(&VmapPlayer::playAdBreak, _1, adBreak, callback);
    playSingleAd(123, cb);
}