C ++ 11自动变量[重复]

Question

在Essentials of Modern C++ Style (video)，Herb Sutter 倡导者：

auto varname = Constructor{ ... };

而不是

Constructor varname( ... );

我试过了：

auto log = fstream{"log.txt", fstream::out};

但收到来自g++4.8 -std=c++11 的关于已删除函数的错误消息（无论我使用的是大括号还是圆括号）。

是我的错还是 g++ 的错？

fstream log{"log.txt", fstream::out};

工作正常。

MCVE：

#include <fstream>

using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    auto log = fstream{"log.txt", fstream::out};
    //fstream log{"log.txt", fstream::out};
    log << "hello world" << endl;
}

错误：

g++ -std=c++11    1.cc   -o 1
1.cc: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
1.cc:6:47: error: use of deleted function ‘std::basic_fstream<char>::basic_fstream(const std::basic_fstream<char>&)’
     auto log = fstream{"log.txt", fstream::out};
                                               ^
In file included from 1.cc:1:0:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:776:11: note: ‘std::basic_fstream<char>::basic_fstream(const std::basic_fstream<char>&)’ is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
     class basic_fstream : public basic_iostream<_CharT, _Traits>
           ^
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:776:11: error: use of deleted function ‘std::basic_iostream<char>::basic_iostream(const std::basic_iostream<char>&)’
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:38:0,
                 from 1.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:795:11: note: ‘std::basic_iostream<char>::basic_iostream(const std::basic_iostream<char>&)’ is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
     class basic_iostream
           ^
/usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:795:11: error: use of deleted function ‘std::basic_istream<char>::basic_istream(const std::basic_istream<char>&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:58:11: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>::basic_istream(const std::basic_istream<char>&)’ is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
     class basic_istream : virtual public basic_ios<_CharT, _Traits>
           ^
/usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:58:11: error: use of deleted function ‘std::basic_ios<char>::basic_ios(const std::basic_ios<char>&)’
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/ios:44:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:38,
                 from 1.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:66:11: note: ‘std::basic_ios<char>::basic_ios(const std::basic_ios<char>&)’ is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
     class basic_ios : public ios_base
           ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/ios:42:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:38,
                 from 1.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/ios_base.h:786:5: error: ‘std::ios_base::ios_base(const std::ios_base&)’ is private
     ios_base(const ios_base&);
     ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/ios:44:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:38,
                 from 1.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:66:11: error: within this context
     class basic_ios : public ios_base
           ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:38:0,
                 from 1.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:795:11: error: use of deleted function ‘std::basic_ostream<char>::basic_ostream(const std::basic_ostream<char>&)’
     class basic_iostream
           ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:39:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:38,
                 from 1.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:58:11: note: ‘std::basic_ostream<char>::basic_ostream(const std::basic_ostream<char>&)’ is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
     class basic_ostream : virtual public basic_ios<_CharT, _Traits>
           ^
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:58:11: error: use of deleted function ‘std::basic_ios<char>::basic_ios(const std::basic_ios<char>&)’
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:38:0,
                 from 1.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:795:11: error: use of deleted function ‘std::basic_ios<char>::basic_ios(const std::basic_ios<char>&)’
     class basic_iostream
           ^
In file included from 1.cc:1:0:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:776:11: error: use of deleted function ‘std::basic_ios<char>::basic_ios(const std::basic_ios<char>&)’
     class basic_fstream : public basic_iostream<_CharT, _Traits>
           ^
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:776:11: error: use of deleted function ‘std::basic_filebuf<char>::basic_filebuf(const std::basic_filebuf<char>&)’
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:72:11: note: ‘std::basic_filebuf<char>::basic_filebuf(const std::basic_filebuf<char>&)’ is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
     class basic_filebuf : public basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>
           ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/ios:43:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.8/istream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:38,
                 from 1.cc:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/streambuf:802:7: error: ‘std::basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>::basic_streambuf(const std::basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>&) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>]’ is private
       basic_streambuf(const basic_streambuf& __sb)
       ^
In file included from 1.cc:1:0:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:72:11: error: within this context
     class basic_filebuf : public basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>
           ^
make: *** [1] Error 1

Answer 1

auto var = Type{...}; 语法要求 Type 是可移动构造的，但 gcc 直到 GCC 5.1 才实现可移动 fstream。你的代码compiles with GCC 5.1。

Answer 2

如果我没记错的话，这个建议来自 Herb Sutter。

显然，问题是由于您无法复制构造std::fstream（std::fstream 的复制构造函数标记为delete）。然而，直觉上有人会说，因为你在右手边有一个临时的，所以应该使用移动构造函数而不是复制构造函数。

事实上，以下在 clang 上编译得很好（clang++ -std=c++11，OS X Mavericks）：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {

auto log = std::fstream{"test.cpp", std::fstream::out};

}