包含类模板的任何特化的 C++ 变量

Question

我需要能够将模板的任何特化存储在变量中，例如：

template<T>
class Grid {
  int GetRows();
  int GetTypeOfColumn(int col);
  //...etc...
}

//EDIT:
Grid<int>::GetTypeofColumn(int col) {
   return col == 0 ? STRING_COL_TYPE : INT_COL_TYPE;
}
Grid<string>::GetTypeofColumn(int col) {
   return STRING_COL_TYPE;
}
//End EDIT

class Foo {
  Grid<int>* aBunchOfNumbers;
  Grid<string>* aBunchOfStrings;
  //...etc...
}

//in some function, say `wants` is an enum, and foo is gotten from somewhere:
Foo* foo; 
switch wants {
  case NUMBERS:
    std::cout << "Rows: " << foo->aBunchOfNumbers->GetRows() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Col0 is: " << foo->aBunchOfNumbers->GetTypeofColumn(0) << std::endl;
    //...etc...
    break;
  case STRINGS:
    std::cout << "Rows: " << foo->aBunchOfNumbers->GetRows() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Col0 is: " << foo->aBunchOfNumbers->GetTypeofColumn(0) << std::endl;
    //...etc...
    break;
}

这样做会更容易：

Foo* foo;
Grid* grid;
switch wants {
  case NUMBERS:
    grid = foo->aBunchOfNumbers;
    break;
  case STRINGS:
    grid = foo->aBunchOfStrings;
    break;
}
std::cout << "Rows: " << grid->GetRows() << std::endl;
std::cout << "Col0 is: " << grid->GetTypeofColumn(0) << std::endl;
//...etc...

如果我使用这样的子类，同样的方式：http://ideone.com/MPKy1w

我知道类模板几乎基本上是宏以及编译器如何实际编译它们，但有没有办法泛指特化并节省重复？

（这里特意用了指针，我的实际代码没有选择，这里不能复制）

Answer 1

使用所需的方法（“接口”）创建类。这样做是可能的，因为您的方法不依赖于模板参数T：

class GridOperations {
    virtual int GetRows() = 0;
    virtual int getTypeOfColumn(int col) = 0;
    virtual ~GridOperations() {}
};

现在从上面的类继承 Grid：

template<T>
class Grid : public GridOperations {
  int GetRows() { /* impl */ }
  int GetTypeOfColumn(int col) { /* impl */ }
};

现在您可以将Grid<int>* 和Grid<string>* 都转换为GridOperations*：

Foo* foo;
GridOperations* ops;
switch wants {
  case NUMBERS:
    ops = foo->aBunchOfNumbers;
    break;
  case STRINGS:
    ops = foo->aBunchOfStrings;
    break;
}
std::cout << "Rows: " << ops->GetRows() << std::endl;
std::cout << "Col0 is: " << ops->GetTypeofColumn(0) << std::endl;

奖励：你甚至可以使用std::map<WantEnumType, GridOperations*> 来避免讨厌的开关阻塞。