std::chrono::duration 的模板参数列表有两个参数:保存基础数据的类型,以及一个表示持续时间指数的std::ratio 参数。 std::chrono::seconds 和 std::chrono::milliseconds 等类型是该模板的特化,分别使用 std::chrono::duration<int64_t, std::ratio<1>> 和 std::chrono::duration<int64_t, std::ratio<1, 1000>>。
如果您没有为该类型提供std::ratio 参数,则默认为std::ratio<1>。
因此,您的自定义持续时间类型隐含地采用 std::chrono::duration<unsigned long long, std::ratio<1>> 的形式,这使得它几乎等同于 std::chrono::seconds(唯一的区别是无符号值而不是有符号值) , 但由于其比例高于提供给std::chrono::milliseconds 的比例,因此类模板禁止赋值/原始转换。对于这种情况,如果您希望分配通过,则需要显式转换它:
typedef std::duration<unsigned long long> my_duration;
//my_duration test1 = std::chrono::milliseconds(1);//Forbidden
my_duration test1 = std::chrono::duration_cast<my_duration>(std::chrono::milliseconds(1)); //Permitted, will be truncated
my_duration test2 = std::chrono::duration_cast<my_duration>(1ms); //Permitted, may be easier to read
std::ratio 参数表示持续时间的刻度大小。刻度尺寸越小,代表持续时间的基础数字就越大。举个例子:
using seconds = std::chrono::seconds; //std::duration<int64_t, std::ratio<1,1>>
using milliseconds = std::chrono::milliseconds; //std::duration<int64_t, std::ratio<1,1000>>
using nanoseconds = std::chrono::nanoseconds; //std::duration<int64_t, std::ratio<1,1000000000>>
seconds time1 = 5s; //underlying integer value is 5.
milliseconds time2 = 5ms; //underlying integer value is 5.
time2 = time1; //underlying integer value for time2 is 5000, for time1 is still 5.
time2 = 17ms; //underlying integer value is 17.
//time1 = time2; //forbidden; tick size of time2 is smaller than time1
time1 = std::chrono::duration_cast<seconds>(time2);
//underlying integer value for time1 is 0, due to truncation; time2 is still 17.
nanoseconds time3 = 5ms; //underlying integer value is 5000000.
time1 = 2s; //underlying integer value is 2.
time3 = time1; //underlying integer value is 2000000000.