Tomcat - 允许远程访问特定的 webapp 文件夹答案

【问题标题】：Tomcat - Allow remote access to specific webapp foldersTomcat - 允许远程访问特定的 webapp 文件夹
【发布时间】：2021-07-30 17:52:33
【问题描述】：

我在 Ubuntu VPS 上安装了 tomcat 9。我部署了两个 Web 应用程序。说-

$CATALINA_BASE/webapps/app1
$CATALINA_BASE/webapps/app2

它们都部署为从 Spring Boot 应用程序生成的 War 文件

现在，我只希望外部网络可以访问 app1。 app2 应该只能从 localhost 访问，即 app1。

我正在寻找更全局的解决方案，我可以在其中修改 server.xml 或类似的东西，即使在部署后仍然存在。

我已经尝试过的

在 webapp/app2 中添加了 context.xml，并添加了一个阀门来限制外部流量。但是，这个 context.xml 在每次部署后都会被覆盖。
创建了 $CATALINA_BASE/conf/context.xml 并添加了阀门来限制远程流量。这阻止了对所有应用的远程访问。

然后，我创建了 $CATALINA_BASE/conf/Catalina/localhost/app1.xml 并通过

覆盖了上下文

<Context override="true">

</Context>

这也没有帮助。我仍然无法从公共访问 app1。

下面是覆盖 $CATALINA_BASE/conf/Catalina/localhost/app1.xml 中的上下文后的服务器日志

09-May-2021 01:13:34.871 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true].
09-May-2021 01:13:34.872 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR/OpenSSL configuration: useAprConnector [false], useOpenSSL [true]
09-May-2021 01:13:34.875 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.initializeSSL OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 1.1.1i  8 Dec 2020]
09-May-2021 01:13:35.284 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
09-May-2021 01:13:35.323 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [719] milliseconds
09-May-2021 01:13:35.392 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
09-May-2021 01:13:35.393 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.35]
09-May-2021 01:13:35.396 SEVERE [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.beforeStart Unable to create directory for deployment: [/opt/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost]
09-May-2021 01:13:35.411 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deploying web application archive [/opt/tomcat/webapps/c.war]
09-May-2021 01:13:35.764 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deployment of web application archive [/opt/tomcat/webapps/c.war] has finished in [353] ms
09-May-2021 01:13:35.765 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deploying web application archive [/opt/tomcat/webapps/suncity.war]
09-May-2021 01:13:35.792 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deployment of web application archive [/opt/tomcat/webapps/suncity.war] has finished in [27] ms
09-May-2021 01:13:35.800 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
09-May-2021 01:13:35.821 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [497] milliseconds

以下是我的文件

服务器.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
   <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
   <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
   <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
   <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
   <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
   <GlobalNamingResources>
      <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
      <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
   </GlobalNamingResources>
   <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
   <Service name="Catalina">
      <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
      <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->
      <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
      <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
      <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
      <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
      <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
         SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
         library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
         AprLifecycleListener.
         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
         the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
    -->
      <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
        <SSLHostConfig>
            <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
                         type="RSA" />
        </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
 -->
      <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
         This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
         OpenSSL for TLS.
         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
         configuration is used below.
    -->
      <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
        <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
        <SSLHostConfig>
            <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
                         certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
                         certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
                         type="RSA" />
        </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
    -->
      <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
      <!--
    <Connector protocol="AJP/1.3"
               address="::1"
               port="8009"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
      <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->
      <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
      <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
         <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
         <!--
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
      -->
         <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
            <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
            <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase" />
         </Realm>
         <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" deployXml="false" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
            <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
            <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->
            <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
         </Host>
      </Engine>
   </Service>
</Server>

conf/catalia 中的文件

文件 - /conf/Catalina/vps.evergreencity.in/c.xml（注意 - 我的主机名是 vps.evergreencity.in，c 是 webapps 中的 war 文件的名称）

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Context override="true">
    <!-- Remember to copy all configuration values from `conf/context.xml`
         and `conf/<engine_name>/<host_name>/context.xml.default`
         that you wish to apply, since they will not be read anymore.
     -->
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
           allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
</Context>

【问题讨论】：

您的应用程序是否曾经在您的网络之外访问过？可能涉及一些防火墙。
是的。它始终可以在网络外访问。
即使是现在，当我恢复我提到的更改时，它仍然可以在网络外访问。只是这两个应用程序都可以访问。
您是否尝试仅将阀门添加到app2？ $CATALINA_BASE/Catalina/localhost/app2.xml?
不，我没有。我可以试试。但是，$CATALINA_BASE/Catalina/localhost/app1.xml 中的阀门没有被识别，我怀疑在 app2 中添加会起作用。我仍然会尝试发布结果

标签： spring-boot tomcat web-deployment tomcat9

【解决方案1】：

Tomcat 没有读取您的部署描述符 c.xml。正如您在日志中看到的那样：

Unable to create directory for deployment: [/opt/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost]

创建所需目录/opt/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost 并将c.xml 文件放入其中后，启动日志将包含：

Deploying deployment descriptor [/opt/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost/c.xml]

代替：

Deploying web application archive [/opt/tomcat/webapps/c.war]

你的阀门应该可以工作了。

注意 - 创建 xml 文件后，将文件和目录的所有者更改为 tomcat 用户，以便 tomcat 可以部署 xml 文件

sudo chown tomcat:tomcat ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/Catalina/localhost/ sudo chown tomcat:tomcat ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/Catalina/localhost/ROOT.xml

【讨论】：

即使我昨天也注意到了这一点。我创建了 localhost 目录，然后创建了 xml 文件并提供了所需的权限。日志中仍然存在此错误。
什么用户在运行 Tomcat？尝试以该用户身份访问该文件夹。
非常感谢 Piotr。这确实是权限问题。我正在对文件执行 chmod a+rx 。所以，它不起作用。现在，当我将文件的所有者更改为 tomcat 时，它起作用了。