如何使用 C 函数修改数组

Question

我使用的是 ANSI C 89。 我想编写一个以二维数组为参数并对其进行修改的函数。可能不使用结构或指针。 我的代码是：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define level 0
#define elements 1

void merge( int state[30][2] ){
  int index_state = 0;
  int array[30][2];
  int index_array = 0;
  memset (array, -1, sizeof(array));
  for ( index_state = 0; state[index_state][level] != -1; index_state++ ){
    if ( state[index_state][level] != 4 ){
      if ( index_state == 0 ){
        array[0][level] = state[index_state][level];
        array[0][elements] = state[index_state][elements];
      }
      else {
        if ( state[index_state][level] == array[index_array][level] ){
          array[index_array][elements] += state[index_state][elements];
        }
        else{
          index_array++;
          array[index_array][level] = state[index_state][level];
          array[index_array][elements] = state[index_state][elements];
       }      
     }
   }
 }
 state = array;
 int i = 0;

 printf("-----\nPrint values array inside function merge\n------\n");

 for ( i = 0; array[i][level] != -1 ; i++ ){
   printf("Level merge[%d]: %d, elements merge[%d]: %d.\n", i, array[i][level], i, array[i][elements]);
 }

 printf("-----\nPrint values state inside function merge\n------\n");

 for ( i = 0; state[i][level] != -1 ; i++ ){
   printf("Level merge[%d]: %d, elements merge[%d]: %d.\n", i, state[i][level], i, state[i][elements]);
 }
 }

int main(void) {
  int start_state[30][2] = {{0,4},{1,4},{2,32},{2,32},{4,64},{3,64},{2,64},{1,8},{2,8},{3,48},{4,64},{3,64},{2,4},{3,4},{4,12},{3,12},{2,16},{1,8},{-1,-1}};
  int i = 0;
  printf("-----\nPrint start_state.\n-----\n");
  for ( i = 0; start_state[i][level] != -1; i++){
    printf("start_state[%d][level] = %d, start_state[%d][elements] = %d.\n",i,start_state[i][level],i,start_state[i][elements]);
  }
  merge ( start_state );
  printf("-----\nPrint the merged start_state.\n-----\n");
  for ( i = 0; start_state[i][level] != -1; i++){
    printf("start_state[%d][level] = %d, start_state[%d][elements] = %d.\n",i,start_state[i][level],i,start_state[i][elements]);
  }
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

该函数正确地接受输入并执行我想要的操作。当我查看函数打印的内容时，一切正常。在函数内部打印内部数组并修改输入时，我得到相同的结果。但是当涉及到打印的主要功能时，它似乎什么也没发生。 这是上面源代码的输出。

-----
Print start_state.
-----
start_state[0][level] = 0, start_state[0][elements] = 4.
start_state[1][level] = 1, start_state[1][elements] = 4.
start_state[2][level] = 2, start_state[2][elements] = 32.
start_state[3][level] = 2, start_state[3][elements] = 32.
start_state[4][level] = 4, start_state[4][elements] = 64.
start_state[5][level] = 3, start_state[5][elements] = 64.
start_state[6][level] = 2, start_state[6][elements] = 64.
start_state[7][level] = 1, start_state[7][elements] = 8.
start_state[8][level] = 2, start_state[8][elements] = 8.
start_state[9][level] = 3, start_state[9][elements] = 48.
start_state[10][level] = 4, start_state[10][elements] = 64.
start_state[11][level] = 3, start_state[11][elements] = 64.
start_state[12][level] = 2, start_state[12][elements] = 4.
start_state[13][level] = 3, start_state[13][elements] = 4.
start_state[14][level] = 4, start_state[14][elements] = 12.
start_state[15][level] = 3, start_state[15][elements] = 12.
start_state[16][level] = 2, start_state[16][elements] = 16.
start_state[17][level] = 1, start_state[17][elements] = 8.
-----
Print values array inside function merge
------
Level merge[0]: 0, elements merge[0]: 4.
Level merge[1]: 1, elements merge[1]: 4.
Level merge[2]: 2, elements merge[2]: 64.
Level merge[3]: 3, elements merge[3]: 64.
Level merge[4]: 2, elements merge[4]: 64.
Level merge[5]: 1, elements merge[5]: 8.
Level merge[6]: 2, elements merge[6]: 8.
Level merge[7]: 3, elements merge[7]: 112.
Level merge[8]: 2, elements merge[8]: 4.
Level merge[9]: 3, elements merge[9]: 16.
Level merge[10]: 2, elements merge[10]: 16.
Level merge[11]: 1, elements merge[11]: 8.
-----
Print values state inside function merge
------
Level merge[0]: 0, elements merge[0]: 4.
Level merge[1]: 1, elements merge[1]: 4.
Level merge[2]: 2, elements merge[2]: 64.
Level merge[3]: 3, elements merge[3]: 64.
Level merge[4]: 2, elements merge[4]: 64.
Level merge[5]: 1, elements merge[5]: 8.
Level merge[6]: 2, elements merge[6]: 8.
Level merge[7]: 3, elements merge[7]: 112.
Level merge[8]: 2, elements merge[8]: 4.
Level merge[9]: 3, elements merge[9]: 16.
Level merge[10]: 2, elements merge[10]: 16.
Level merge[11]: 1, elements merge[11]: 8.
-----
Print the merged start_state.
-----
start_state[0][level] = 0, start_state[0][elements] = 4.
start_state[1][level] = 1, start_state[1][elements] = 4.
start_state[2][level] = 2, start_state[2][elements] = 32.
start_state[3][level] = 2, start_state[3][elements] = 32.
start_state[4][level] = 4, start_state[4][elements] = 64.
start_state[5][level] = 3, start_state[5][elements] = 64.
start_state[6][level] = 2, start_state[6][elements] = 64.
start_state[7][level] = 1, start_state[7][elements] = 8.
start_state[8][level] = 2, start_state[8][elements] = 8.
start_state[9][level] = 3, start_state[9][elements] = 48.
start_state[10][level] = 4, start_state[10][elements] = 64.
start_state[11][level] = 3, start_state[11][elements] = 64.
start_state[12][level] = 2, start_state[12][elements] = 4.
start_state[13][level] = 3, start_state[13][elements] = 4.
start_state[14][level] = 4, start_state[14][elements] = 12.
start_state[15][level] = 3, start_state[15][elements] = 12.
start_state[16][level] = 2, start_state[16][elements] = 16.
start_state[17][level] = 1, start_state[17][elements] = 8. 

我应该编辑什么以使原始数组中的更改保持不变？我在网上看了一下，有时它似乎应该这样工作（这个问题的第二个答案Passing modified array values back to main function in C 不是类似于我的情况，除了二维数组吗？）有时看起来我必须参考使用指针指向数组。

Answer 1

在merge 中，您正在更改局部变量array。在调用函数中看不到对array 的修改是有道理的。

线

 state = array;

不会将array 的内容复制到state。它只是改变state 在函数中指向的位置。

更改merge 以修改state 本身，您将在调用函数中看到可见的更改。