使用 arm-linux-gnueabihf 进行交叉编译

Question

我对交叉编译很陌生。从arm 下载 arm-linux-gnueabihf 工具后。我尝试使用名为 arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ 和 arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc 的二进制文件来编译我的代码。我的命令看起来像：

 ~/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -Isrc -I/usr/include -std=c++11 -Wall -Wno-unknown-pragmas -O0 -g3 -D__DEBUG_BUILD__ -DDEVELOPMENT -MMD -c -o "Debug/src/BatteryStatus.o" "src/BatteryStatus.cpp"

我立即遇到了这个问题：

~/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include/stdlib.h:133:35: error: missing binary operator before token "("
 #if __HAVE_FLOAT16 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)

这个问题发生在工具链中很奇怪，我预计我正在使用的库中存在一些不兼容问题。该环境需要 CentOS 7.2、c++ 11，我正在为 x86_64 主机上的 ARM 32 位目标进行编译。构建一个简单的 hello world 程序很顺利，它在目标机器上编译并运行成功。

Answer 1

您在构建命令中指向您的本机头文件目录/usr/include。这很可能是您的问题的原因。试试这个命令：

~/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -Isrc -std=c++11 -Wall -Wno-unknown-pragmas -O0 -g3 -D__DEBUG_BUILD__ -DDEVELOPMENT -MMD -c -o "Debug/src/BatteryStatus.o" "src/BatteryStatus.cpp

工具链使用的默认目录可以通过以下方式显示：

echo | /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -v -x c -E -

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
Target: arm-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /tmp/dgboter/bbs/rhev-vm8--rhe6x86_64/buildbot/rhe6x86_64--arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/src/gcc/configure --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix= --with-sysroot=/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc --with-build-sysroot=/tmp/dgboter/bbs/rhev-vm8--rhe6x86_64/buildbot/rhe6x86_64--arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/build-arm-linux-gnueabihf/install//arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc --with-bugurl=https://bugs.linaro.org/ --enable-gnu-indirect-function --enable-shared --disable-libssp --disable-libmudflap --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran --with-gmp=/tmp/dgboter/bbs/rhev-vm8--rhe6x86_64/buildbot/rhe6x86_64--arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/build-arm-linux-gnueabihf/host-tools --with-mpfr=/tmp/dgboter/bbs/rhev-vm8--rhe6x86_64/buildbot/rhe6x86_64--arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/build-arm-linux-gnueabihf/host-tools --with-mpc=/tmp/dgboter/bbs/rhev-vm8--rhe6x86_64/buildbot/rhe6x86_64--arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/build-arm-linux-gnueabihf/host-tools --with-isl=/tmp/dgboter/bbs/rhev-vm8--rhe6x86_64/buildbot/rhe6x86_64--arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/build-arm-linux-gnueabihf/host-tools --with-arch=armv7-a --with-fpu=neon --with-float=hard --with-arch=armv7-a --with-pkgversion='GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture 8.3-2019.03 (arm-rel-8.36)'
Thread model: posix
gcc version 8.3.0 (GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture 8.3-2019.03 (arm-rel-8.36)) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-E'  '-mfloat-abi=hard' '-mfpu=neon' '-mtls-dialect=gnu' '-marm' '-march=armv7-a+simd'
 /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/cc1 -E -quiet -v -iprefix /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/ -isysroot /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc - -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=neon -mtls-dialect=gnu -marm -march=armv7-a+simd
ignoring duplicate directory "/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/local/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/include-fixed"
ignoring duplicate directory "/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/include
 /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/include-fixed
 /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include
 /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 "<stdin>"
# 1 "<built-in>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 31 "<command-line>"
# 1 "/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
# 32 "<command-line>" 2
# 1 "<stdin>"
COMPILER_PATH=/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/:/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../libexec/gcc/:/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/:/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/:/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/:/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/lib/:/opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-E'  '-mfloat-abi=hard' '-mfpu=neon' '-mtls-dialect=gnu' '-marm' '-march=armv7-a+simd'

也就是说，在我的系统上，头文件的正确默认目录是：

 /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/include
 /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/include-fixed
 /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/8.3.0/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include
 /opt/arm/gcc-arm-8.3-2019.03-x86_64-arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include

而不是/usr/include。