在 Spring Boot 中编写自定义查询

Question

我最近开始使用 Spring boot，但遇到了一些问题。以前，当我只是将 Spring 数据与 hibernate 和 JPA 一起使用时，我可以创建一个 hibernate.cfg.xml 文件，该文件将提供一堆可以传递给配置对象的配置，然后最终创建一个 SessionFactory 对象，该对象将创建一个可用于将查询传递给休眠的会话对象：

package util;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder; 
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtil {
    private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();
    private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() { 
        try {
        // Create the SessionFactory from hibernate.cfg.xml
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml"); return configuration.buildSessionFactory( new
        StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings( configuration.getProperties() ).build() ); 
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
        // Make sure you log the exception, as it might be swallowed System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex); throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
        } 
    }
    public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { return sessionFactory; }
}

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" 
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration> 
    <session-factory>

        <!-- Database connection settings -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> 
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hello-world</property> 
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">password</property>

        <!-- SQL dialect -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> 

        <!-- Create/update tables automatically using mapping metadata -->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> 

        <!-- Use Annotation-based mapping metadata -->
        <mapping class="entity.Author"/> 
        <mapping class="entity.Article"/> 
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

Main.java

    public class HelloWorldClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession(); 
        Transaction txn = session.getTransaction();

        EntityManagerFactory emf = Persiscance.createEntityManagerFactory("hibernate.cfg.xml");
        EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
        EntityTransaction txn = em.getTransaction();

        try {
            txn.begin();
            Author author = new Author("name", listOfArticlesWritten);
            Article article = new Article("Article Title", author);
            session.save(author);
            session.save(article);

            Query query = session.createQuery("select distinct a.authorName from Article s
                                                where s.author like "Joe%" and title = 'Spring boot');

            List<Article> articles = query.list();

            txn.commit();
        } catch(Exception e) {
            if(txn != null) { txn.rollback(); }
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(session != null) { session.close(); } }
    } 
}

这就是问题出现的地方。我不知道如何避免为自定义查询创建 hibernate.cfg.xml 文件或会话工厂。在 Spring 指南页面和我已经完成的一些教程中，他们采用了他们的 DAO 并扩展了 CrudRepository 接口，该接口已经提供了一堆方法，以及一种命名方法的方法，以便 Hibernate 可以自己构建 sql .

我想要完成的，至少在这篇文章中是能够在 Spring Boot 中执行上述查询。我可以创建一个属性文件

application.properties

# ===============================
# = DATA SOURCE
# ===============================

# Set here configurations for the database connection
spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-boot-demo
spring.datasource.username = test
spring.datasource.password = test

# Mysql connector
spring.datasource.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver



# ===============================
# = JPA / HIBERNATE
# ===============================

# Specify the DBMS
spring.jpa.database = MYSQL

# Show or not log for each sql query
spring.jpa.show-sql = true

# Ddl auto must be set to "create" to ensure that Hibernate will run the
# import.sql file at application startup

#create-drop| update | validate | none
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update

# SQL dialect for generating optimized queries
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect

# ===============================
# = THYMELEAF
# ===============================

spring.thymeleaf.cache = false
#debug=true

我可以将除映射之外的所有内容移至属性文件，但由于不再有会话对象，我不清楚如何编写查询。

Answer 1

如果您使用 Spring Boot + Spring Data JPA，则使用 spring.datasource.* properties 将数据源（现在放入 hibernate.cfg.xml）配置到 application.properties。

这应该会自动为您创建一个实体管理器。如果需要使用查询，可以使用 Spring Data JPA 的存储库，例如：

public interface ArticleRepository extends JpaRepository<Article, Long> {
    @Query("select s from Article s where s.author like ?1 and s.title = ?2")
    List<Article> findByAuthorAndTitle(String author, String title);
}

现在您可以自动装配存储库并使用给定的查询，如下所示：

List<Article> articles = repository.findByAuthorAndTitle("Joe%", "Spring boot");

如果您确实需要自定义查询，可以使用 JPA 的 Predicate/Criteria API。 Spring 提供了这些谓词的包装版本，称为 Specifications。

为此，您可以使用另一个名为 JpaSpecificationExecutor<Article> 的接口扩展您的 ArticleRepository。这会为您的存储库添加一些额外的方法：

Specification<Article> spec = Specifications.<Article>where((root, query, cb) -> {
    return cb.and(
         cb.like(root.get("author"), "Joe%"),
         cb.equal(root.get("title"), "Spring boot"));
});
List<Article> articles = repository.findAll(spec);

这允许您动态创建查询，尽管从您的问题来看，您似乎并不真正需要它。

Answer 2

在 Spring Boot 应用程序中，您无需创建 xml 配置，您必须自己配置 java 文件。 看看这个例子，

import java.util.Properties;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.hibernate.annotations.common.util.impl.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean;

@Configuration
public class DatabaseConfig {

 private org.jboss.logging.Logger log = LoggerFactory.logger(DatabaseConfig.class);

 @Value("${db.driver}")
 private String DB_DRIVER;

 @Value("${db.username}")
 private String DB_USERNAME;

 @Value("${db.password}")
 private String DB_PASSWORD;

 @Value("${db.url}")
 private String DB_URL;

 @Value("${hibernate.dialect}")
 private String HIBERNATE_DIALECT;

 @Value("${hibernate.show_sql}")
 private String HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL;

 @Value("${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}")
 private String HIBERNATE_HBM2DDL_AUTO;

 @Value("${entitymanager.packagesToScan}")
 private String ENTITYMANAGER_PACKAGES_TO_SCAN;

 @Bean
 public DataSource dataSource() {
  DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = null;
  try {
   dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
   dataSource.setDriverClassName(DB_DRIVER);
   dataSource.setUrl(DB_URL);
   dataSource.setUsername(DB_USERNAME);
   dataSource.setPassword(DB_PASSWORD);
  } catch (Exception e) {
   e.getMessage();
  }
  return dataSource;
 }

 @Bean
 public LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory() {
  LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactoryBean = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
  sessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
  sessionFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan(ENTITYMANAGER_PACKAGES_TO_SCAN);
  Properties hibernateProps = new Properties();
  hibernateProps.put("hibernate.dialect", HIBERNATE_DIALECT);
  hibernateProps.put("hibernate.show_sql", HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL);
  hibernateProps.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", HIBERNATE_HBM2DDL_AUTO);
  sessionFactoryBean.setHibernateProperties(hibernateProps);
  return sessionFactoryBean;
 }

 @Bean
 public HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager() {
  HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager = new HibernateTransactionManager();
  transactionManager.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory().getObject());
  return transactionManager;
 }
}