【发布时间】:2013-01-09 01:15:25
【问题描述】:
我想学习使用 C++11 线程来加速我的语言的编译(是的,我正在构建一个编译器 :x)。我尝试的第一个示例使用 clang (3.3 SVN) 引发了几个错误。它在 GCC (4.6.3) 下编译良好。
我从 llvm.org 的 SVN 下载了 clang 和 libc++。 clang 是使用 GCC (4.6.3) 编译的,而 libc++ 是使用 clang 编译的。两个 makefile 都是用 CMake 生成的。
对于 clang,我遵循了本指南:http://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html#checkout
对于 libc++,我遵循了本指南:http://libcxx.llvm.org/
我要编译的一段代码(foobar.cpp):
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
using namespace std;
int main(void) {
thread t1([](void)->void {
cout << "foobar" << endl;
});
}
使用clang --std=c++0x -stdlib=libc++ -lpthread foobar.cpp 可以正常编译,但出现很多链接器错误:
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `main':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x21): undefined reference to `std::__1::thread::~thread()'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `_ZNSt3__16threadC2IZ4mainE3$_0JEvEEOT_DpOT0_':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x5c): undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x186): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x19b): undefined reference to `std::__1::__throw_system_error(int, char const*)'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `_ZNSt3__114__thread_proxyINS_5tupleIJZ4mainE3$_0EEEEEPvS4_':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x200): undefined reference to `std::__1::__thread_local_data()'
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x211): undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x23b): undefined reference to `std::__1::__thread_struct::__thread_struct()'
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x31b): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `_ZNSt3__110unique_ptrINS_5tupleIJZ4mainE3$_0EEENS_14default_deleteIS3_EEED2Ev':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x3dd): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `main::$_0::operator()() const':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x3fc): undefined reference to `std::__1::cout'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `_ZNSt3__110unique_ptrINS_5tupleIJZ4mainE3$_0EEENS_14default_deleteIS3_EEEC2EPS3_':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x4e9): undefined reference to `std::terminate()'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `std::__1::__thread_specific_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct>::reset(std::__1::__thread_struct*)':
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__121__thread_specific_ptrINS_15__thread_structEE5resetEPS1_[_ZNSt3__121__thread_specific_ptrINS_15__thread_structEE5resetEPS1_]+0x57): undefined reference to `std::__1::__thread_struct::~__thread_struct()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__121__thread_specific_ptrINS_15__thread_structEE5resetEPS1_[_ZNSt3__121__thread_specific_ptrINS_15__thread_structEE5resetEPS1_]+0x60): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::operator<< <std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)':
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x28): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::sentry(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&)'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x1ec): undefined reference to `std::__1::ios_base::getloc() const'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x1fe): undefined reference to `std::__1::ctype<char>::id'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x206): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::use_facet(std::__1::locale::id&) const'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x272): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::~locale()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x294): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::~locale()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x378): undefined reference to `std::__1::ios_base::clear(unsigned int)'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x3d0): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::~sentry()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x3dc): undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x3f9): undefined reference to `std::__1::ios_base::__set_badbit_and_consider_rethrow()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x403): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x424): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::~sentry()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x43d): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x466): undefined reference to `std::terminate()'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::endl<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&)':
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0x38): undefined reference to `std::__1::ios_base::getloc() const'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0x49): undefined reference to `std::__1::ctype<char>::id'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0x55): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::use_facet(std::__1::locale::id&) const'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0xac): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::~locale()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0xbe): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::~locale()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0xcd): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::put(char)'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0xdd): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::flush()'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> > std::__1::__pad_and_output<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >, char const*, char const*, char const*, std::__1::ios_base&, char)':
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_[_ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_]+0x215): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::__init(unsigned long, char)'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_[_ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_]+0x389): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_[_ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_]+0x3a4): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o:(.eh_frame+0x47): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
clang-3: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
这里是两个标准库下的标准搜索目录。 由于 'clang -Wp,-v -x c++ - -fsyntax-only' 我得到了这个:
我尝试了clang --std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -llibc++ -lpthread -o foobar foobar.cpp,但链接器再次失败,它没有找到 libc++。我是无法链接到 libc++ 还是更困难?
【问题讨论】:
-
考虑用
-pthread而不是-lpthread链接 -
Zaffy 发布了应该可以解决您的问题的答案。但是当你运行程序时,你会得到一个核心转储。你必须加入线程,否则它会崩溃。请加:
t1.join(); -
@PhilippClaßen 啊,谢谢,这解决了我在 Zaffy 的回答上发表的评论...^.^
-
尝试
-llibc++不起作用,因为它应该是-lc++,链接器添加了“lib”,就像-lpthread暗示libpthread.so。我想如果你使用-lc++就可以了。 -
我只是有点困惑 -stdlib=libc++ 究竟做了什么。使用 'clang++ 而不是 'clang' 解决了这个问题。现在它链接到“libc++”并使用它的标题。我什至不需要链接到“pthread”。
标签: c++ multithreading c++11 clang libc++