TestNG 测试不使用 TestPropertySource 注入 @Value

Question

我正在尝试为具有从属性文件注入的字段值的类编写测试。我试图在运行 TestNG 测试时利用 TestPropertySource 注释在其中获取值，但它似乎忽略了我的属性文件。

有许多类似的问题，我尝试仔细阅读并尽可能尝试它们的实现。不过，我的问题似乎略有不同，原因如下：

• “@TestPropertSource and @PropertySource don't work for JUnit”：谈论 JUnit 而不是 TestNG（可能相关也可能不相关？），还谈到将属性值注入到 test 类的字段中（相对于被测单元）。

• “@TestPropertySource not working?”：讨论如何忽略缺失的属性，而不是如何修复它。

• “@TestPropertySource is not loading properties”：还谈到了将值注入到测试类字段中（尝试过@RunWith 或@SpringBootTest，但这也没有帮助）。

• Google search results 中的其他链接也没有帮助。

您需要做什么才能获得一个带有@Value 注释字段的被测单元，并设置了它们的属性？我可以以某种方式请求 spring 为我提供我的类的实例，而不是自己newing 他们吗？

这是一个最小的复制。

Foo.java

package nl.jeroenheijmans.stackoverflow.testngprops;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Foo {
    @Value("${my.prop}")
    private String myProp;

    public String ExposeProp() {
        return myProp;
    }
}

FooTest.java

package nl.jeroenheijmans.stackoverflow.testngprops;

import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

@TestPropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class FooTest {
    @Test
    public void sanityCheck(){
        Foo foo = new Foo();
        Assert.assertNotNull(foo); // Success!
    }

    @Test
    public void testProperty() {
        Foo foo = new Foo();
        Assert.assertEquals(foo.ExposeProp(), "checkcheck"); // Fail!
    }
}

application.properties（在main 和test 文件夹中）

my.prop=checkcheck

Main.java

package nl.jeroenheijmans.stackoverflow.testngprops;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;

@SpringBootApplication
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:application.properties"})
public class Main extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    public static void main(String... args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(Main.class);
    }
}

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>nl.jeroenheijmans.stackoverflow</groupId>
    <artifactId>testngprops</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${org.springframework.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
                <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
                <version>${testng.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
                <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
                <version>${mockito.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven.compiler.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.version>3.5</maven.compiler.version>
        <org.springframework.boot.version>1.5.1.RELEASE</org.springframework.boot.version>
        <testng.version>6.9.10</testng.version>
        <mockito.version>1.9.5</mockito.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
</project>

Answer 1

这是我解决这个问题的方法。

简而言之，我相信您错过了扩展org.springframework.test.context.testng.AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests 并通过@Autowire 注释为对象Foo 使用依赖注入的部分。由于您正在实例化 Foo 对象，因此没有将值注入其中，这就解释了断言失败的原因。

Main.java

package com.rationaleemotions.stackoverflow.qn45716815;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {MongoAutoConfiguration.class, MongoDataAutoConfiguration.class})
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:application.properties"})
public class Main extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    public static void main(String... args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(Main.class);
    }
}

使用@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {MongoAutoConfiguration.class, MongoDataAutoConfiguration.class})的原因可以在这个帖子中找到：Mongo tries to connect automatically to port 27017(localhost)

更新： 排除 Mongo 配置是可选的，如果您有一个为 Mongo 正确设置的项目，则无需这样做。 p>

这是 FooTest.java 的样子

package com.rationaleemotions.stackoverflow.qn45716815;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
import org.springframework.test.context.testng.AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

@TestPropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
@SpringBootTest
public class FooTest extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests{
    @Autowired
    private Foo foo;

    @Test
    public void sanityCheck() {
        Assert.assertNotNull(foo);
    }

    @Test
    public void testProperty() {
        Assert.assertEquals(foo.ExposeProp(), "checkcheck");
    }
}

这是我的 maven 依赖项的样子

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

为 spring-boot-starter-logging 添加排除项的原因可以在这里找到：Disable Logback in SpringBoot

更新： 排除 logback 是可选的，如果你有一个正确设置为使用 logback 的项目，你不需要这样做。

这是我运行此测试时的输出：

objc[36167]: Class JavaLaunchHelper is implemented in both /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_131.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java (0x1026784c0) and /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_131.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/libinstrument.dylib (0x1027404e0). One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.5.6.RELEASE)


===============================================
Default Suite
Total tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================