我尝试了 Zaccus 的解决方案，但这对我不起作用。我正在使用 Spring Boot 2.3.2.RELEASE 和 JUnit 5。对于我的情况，我需要将我的模型和存储库移动到一个单独的库中，因为它需要由我的 webapp 和一个工具共享。
下面是我要工作的内容：
没有 main 或 SpringApplication 的 Spring Boot JPA 测试
package com.example.repository;
import com.example.model.Place;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Optional;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@DataJpaTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes={PlaceRepositoryTest.class})
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"com.example.*"})
@EntityScan("com.example.model")
public class PlaceRepositoryTest {
@Autowired private DataSource dataSource;
@Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Autowired private EntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired private PlaceRepository repo;
@Test
void testInjectedComponentsAreNotNull(){
assertThat(dataSource).isNotNull();
assertThat(jdbcTemplate).isNotNull();
assertThat(entityManager).isNotNull();
assertThat(repo).isNotNull();
}
@Test
public void testInsert() throws Exception {
String placeName = "San Francisco";
Place p = new Place(null, placeName);
repo.save(p);
Optional<Place> op = repo.findByName(placeName);
assertThat(op.isPresent()).isTrue();
}
}
从 Spring Boot 2.1 开始，使用@DataJpaTest 时，不再需要指定
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"com.example.*"})
对于我的情况，basePackages = {"com.example.*"} 不是必需的，因为 PlaceRepository 和 PlaceRepositoryTest 在同一个包中。我只是在这里添加它，以防有人进行了包含在不同包中找到的存储库的测试。如果没有“basePackages”，@EnableJpaRepositories 将默认扫描注解的配置类的包以查找 Spring Data 存储库。
最初，我只有以下注释：
@DataJpaTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes={PlaceRepositoryTest.class})
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"com.example.*"})
我发现的网站说我只需要@DataJpaTest 和@EnableJpaRepositories，但是，只有上面的，我得到了以下错误：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
:
:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'placeRepository' defined in com.example.repository.PlaceRepository defined in @EnableJpaRepositories declared on PlaceRepositoryTest: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Not a managed type: class com.example.model.Place
我花了一段时间才弄明白。对于“非托管类型”，我认为我的班级地点有问题：
package com.example.model;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
@Entity
public class Place {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy= GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
private String name;
}
根本原因是地方未被作为实体扫描。为了解决这个问题，我需要添加
@EntityScan("com.example.model")
我在 stackoverflow 上的另一个解决方案中找到了“@EntityScan”：Spring boot - Not an managed type
以下是我的设置：
src
+ main
+ java
+ com.example
+ model
+ Place
+ repository
+ PlaceRepository
+ test
+ java
+ com.example
+ repository
+ PlaceRepository
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<properties>
<spring.boot.starter.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring.boot.starter.version>
<h2.version>1.4.200</h2.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.12</lombok.version>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${spring.boot.starter.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>${spring.boot.starter.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.boot.starter.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<version>${h2.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
package com.example.repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.example.model.Place;
import java.util.Optional;
@Repository
public interface PlaceRepository extends CrudRepository<Place, Long> {
Optional<Place> findByName(String name);
}