无法推断出有趣的披萨

Question

我已将披萨本体加载到 Stardog 和 Blazegraph 中，以及我编写的一些三元组，包括一个有四种配料的披萨。正如@AKSW 建议的那样，我试图使浇头与众不同。

披萨本体将有趣的披萨定义为具有至少三种配料的披萨。我很确定我启用了 OWL 推理，但Triplestore 都没有说我的披萨很有趣。

谁能告诉我在任何免费提供的三元存储中启用此推理的设置，或者指出我的三元存储做错了什么？ 特别是，我是否应该能够推断出披萨实例、披萨类或两者都是“有趣的”？

有趣的比萨定义：

pizza:InterestingPizza rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( pizza:Pizza
            [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                owl:onProperty pizza:hasTopping ;
                owl:minCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
            ]
        ) ;
        rdf:type owl:Class
    ] ;
        rdfs:label "PizzaInteressante"@pt .

我的其他三元组：

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix pizza: <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#> .

<http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#marksPizzaClass>
  a owl:Class ;
  owl:equivalentClass [
    a owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#hasTopping> ;
    owl:someValuesFrom <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#CaperTopping>
  ], [
    a owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#hasTopping> ;
    owl:someValuesFrom <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#JalapenoPepperTopping>
  ], [
    a owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#hasTopping> ;
    owl:someValuesFrom <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#LeekTopping>
  ], [
    a owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#hasTopping> ;
    owl:someValuesFrom <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#MozzarellaTopping>
  ], [
    a owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#hasTopping> ;
    owl:someValuesFrom <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#PineKernels>
  ] ;
  rdfs:subClassOf <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#Pizza> ;
  rdfs:label "mark's pizza class" .

<http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#marksPizzaClassMember>
  a owl:NamedIndividual, <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#marksPizzaClass> ;
  rdfs:label "a member of the mark's pizza class" .

<http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#marksPizzaInstance>
  a owl:NamedIndividual, <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#Pizza> ;
  pizza:hasTopping pizza:marksPeppers, pizza:topping1, pizza:topping2, pizza:topping3, pizza:topping4 ;
  rdfs:label "mark's pizza instance" .

pizza:marksPeppers
  a owl:NamedIndividual, pizza:JalapenoPepperTopping ;
  rdfs:label "mark's special spicy jalapenos" .

pizza:topping1
  a owl:NamedIndividual, pizza:MozzarellaTopping ;
  rdfs:label "mark's semi secret topping one" .

pizza:topping2
  a owl:NamedIndividual, pizza:PineKernels ;
  rdfs:label "mark's semi secret topping two" .

pizza:topping3
  a owl:NamedIndividual, pizza:CaperTopping ;
  rdfs:label "mark's semi secret topping three" .

pizza:topping4
  a owl:NamedIndividual, pizza:LeekTopping ;
  rdfs:label "mark's semi secret topping four" .

[]
  a owl:AllDifferent ;
  owl:distinctMembers (
   pizza:marksPeppers
   pizza:topping1
   pizza:topping2
   pizza:topping3
   pizza:topping4
 ) .

查询有关具有五种不同浇头的披萨实例的任何知识：

prefix pizza: <http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#>
select *
where
{ pizza:marksPizzaInstance ?p ?o }

Stardog 的结果 （我已手动将完整的 URI 替换为前缀 URI）：

+---------------------+----------------------------+
|          p          |             o              |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| pizza:hasIngredient | pizza:topping1             |
| pizza:hasIngredient | pizza:topping2             |
| pizza:hasIngredient | pizza:topping3             |
| pizza:hasIngredient | pizza:topping4             |
| pizza:hasIngredient | pizza:marksPeppers         |
| pizza:hasTopping    | pizza:topping1             |
| pizza:hasTopping    | pizza:topping2             |
| pizza:hasTopping    | pizza:topping3             |
| pizza:hasTopping    | pizza:topping4             |
| pizza:hasTopping    | pizza:marksPeppers         |
| rdfs:label          | mark's pizza instance      |
| rdf:type            | owl:Thing                  |
| rdf:type            | pizza:DomainConcept        |
| rdf:type            | pizza:Food                 |
| rdf:type            | pizza:Pizza                |
| rdf:type            | pizza:SpicyPizza           |
| rdf:type            | pizza:SpicyPizzaEquivalent |
| rdf:type            | pizza:CheeseyPizza         |
| rdf:type            | pizza:marksPizzaClass      |
+---------------------+----------------------------+

Stardog 已经推断我的比萨有配料（因为它有配料），我的比萨是一种食物，甚至我的比萨是辣的，因为它有马克的墨西哥胡椒作为配料。但它并没有推断出有趣的披萨类的成员资格。

这是我的 Stardog 推理设置：

Reasoning type: SL
Reasoning approximate: ON 
SameAs reasoning: FULL
TBox named graph: *

Answer 1

我在 Stardog 5.0 上玩了一会儿，获得了更多见解：

1. 从 OWL DL 的角度来看，本体的表达足以推断出这一点

   pizza:marksPizzaInstance rdf:type pizza:InterestingPizza .
   

   例如，这可以使用 Protege 进行评估。可以使用非常酷的 Protege 功能计算的示例解释是：

   我可以通过启用DL 推理在 Stardog 中实现同样的效果：

   bin/stardog-admin db offline pizzaDB
   bin/stardog-admin metadata set -o reasoning.type=DL pizzaDB
   bin/stardog-admin db online pizzaDB
   

   结果：

   +-------------------+-------------------------+
   |         p         |            o            |
   +-------------------+-------------------------+
   |  pizza:hasTopping |  pizza:topping1         |
   |  pizza:hasTopping |  pizza:topping2         |
   |  pizza:hasTopping |  pizza:marksPeppers     |
   |  pizza:hasTopping |  pizza:topping3         |
   |  pizza:hasTopping |  pizza:topping4         |
   |  rdf:type         |  pizza:Pizza            |
   |  rdf:type         |  owl:Thing              |
   |  rdf:type         |  pizza:InterestingPizza |
   +-------------------+-------------------------+
   

2. 对于 Stardog 配置文件 SL 它不起作用，因为该公理不在配置文件中。当查看报告所有被忽略的公理的 Stardog 日志文件时，可以识别出这一点：

   WARN  2017-07-03 09:54:51,219 [XNIO-1 task-6] com.clarkparsia.blackout.ProfileFilterBase:apply(39): 
   Not a valid SL axiom: 
   EquivalentClasses(pizza:InterestingPizza, and(pizza:Pizza, min(pizza:hasTopping,3,owl:Thing))) 
   

   我当时尝试的是添加一个 SWRL 规则，因为 SL 配置文件支持它：

   Pizza(?x), hasTopping(?x, ?y1), hasTopping(?x, ?y2), hasTopping(?x, ?y3),  
   DifferentFrom (?y1, ?y2),  DifferentFrom (?y1, ?y3),  DifferentFrom (?y2, ?y3) 
   -> InterestingPizza(?x)
   

   令人惊讶的是，这也不起作用。我想我错过了一些重要的事情，我仍在调查为什么这不起作用。

   最后，我尝试了 Stardog 规则而不是 SWRL，它的语法非常简洁，接近 SPARQL（基本上使用 BGP）：

   [] a rule:SPARQLRule ;
    rule:content """
       PREFIX :<http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/pizza/pizza.owl#>
         IF {
               ?p a :Pizza ;
                  :hasTopping ?t1 , ?t2, ?t3
               FILTER(?t1 != ?t2 && ?t1 != ?t3 && ?t2 != ?t3)
            }
         THEN {
               ?p a :InterestingPizza
             }""" .
   

   这按预期工作，SPARQL 查询返回所需的推断三元组。