python中异常处理的库文件

Question

我已经在 python 中编写了一个脚本，其中包含所有运行时异常的除处理（捕获块）。如果我将 try 块与脚本放在同一个文件中，那么它会打印异常，但我需要的是 try 块是否为在另一个文件中，那么它将使用脚本中编写的 catch 块的过程是什么。

import traceback
import sys
import linecache


try:
    # execfile(rahul2.py)

    def first():
        second()

    def second():
        i=1/0;


    def main():
        first()

    if __name__ == "__main__":
        main()    

except SyntaxError as e:
    exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
    filename = exc_traceback.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename
    lineno = exc_traceback.tb_lineno
    line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno)
    print("exception occurred at %s:%d: %s" % (filename, lineno, line))
    print("**************************************************** ERROR ************************************************************************")
    print("You have encountered an error !! no worries ,lets try figuring it out together")
    print(" It looks like there is a syntax error in the statement:" , formatted_lines[2], " at line number " , exc_traceback.tb_lineno)
    print("Make sure you look up the syntax , this may happen because ")
    print(" Remember this is the error message always thrown " "'" ,e , "'")

同样，我也写过其他例外情况...

现在我的问题是假设我想将此脚本用于所有程序，或者假设 try 块在不同的文件中......那么我如何链接我的脚本和具有 try 块的程序..

或者如果我把它换成不同的词，那么我想要的是每当有一个 try catch 块时，catch 块应该按照我的脚本而不是内置库执行..

Answer 1

如果您想在调用此异常的脚本中处理此异常，您需要引发异常。例如：

except SyntaxError as e:
       exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
       filename = exc_traceback.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename
       lineno = exc_traceback.tb_lineno
       line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno)
       print("exception occurred at %s:%d: %s" % (filename, lineno, line))
       print("**************************************************** ERROR ************************************************************************")
       print("You have encountered an error !! no worries ,lets try figuring it out together")
       print(" It looks like there is a syntax error in the statement:" , formatted_lines[2], " at line number " , exc_traceback.tb_lineno)
       print("Make sure you look up the syntax , this may happen because ")
       print(" Remember this is the error message always thrown " "'" ,e , "'")
       #### Raise up the exception for handling in a calling script ####
       raise e

然后在您的调用脚本中，您只需放置另一个 try-except 块（假设您编写的“库文件”称为 mymodule.py 并且两个文件都位于同一工作目录中）

try:
   import mymodule
   mymodule.main()
except SyntaxError as e:
   print("Exception found") # Optional: Add code to handle the exception

请记住，如果您未能处理此重新引发的异常，它将导致您的脚本失败并退出（打印异常消息和堆栈跟踪）。 这是一件好事。遇到致命错误的脚本应该在恢复方法未知或无法处理时以引起用户注意的方式失败以编程方式。