【发布时间】:2018-07-18 16:15:57
【问题描述】:
服务类 FooServiceImpl 使用 @Service aka @Component 进行注释,这使其符合自动装配的条件。为什么在单元测试期间这个类没有被拾取和自动装配?
@Service
public class FooServiceImpl implements FooService {
@Override
public String reverse(String bar) {
return new StringBuilder(bar).reverse().toString();
}
}
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
//@SpringBootTest
public class FooServiceTest {
@Autowired
private FooService fooService;
@Test
public void reverseStringShouldReverseAnyString() {
String reverse = fooService.reverse("hello");
assertThat(reverse).isEqualTo("olleh");
}
}
测试未能加载应用程序上下文,
2018-02-08T10:58:42,385 INFO Neither @ContextConfiguration nor @ContextHierarchy found for test class [io.github.thenilesh.service.impl.FooServiceTest], using DelegatingSmartContextLoader
2018-02-08T10:58:42,393 INFO Could not detect default resource locations for test class [io.github.thenilesh.service.impl.FooServiceTest]: no resource found for suffixes {-context.xml}.
2018-02-08T10:58:42,394 INFO Could not detect default configuration classes for test class [io.github.thenilesh.service.impl.FooServiceTest]: FooServiceTest does not declare any static, non-private, non-final, nested classes annotated with @Configuration.
2018-02-08T10:58:42,432 INFO Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener, (...)org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener]
2018-02-08T10:58:42,448 INFO Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@f0ea28, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@16efaab,(...)org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener@9604d9]
2018-02-08T10:58:42,521 INFO Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@173f9fc: startup date [Thu Feb 08 10:58:42 IST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-02-08T10:58:42,606 INFO JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring
2018-02-08T10:58:42,666 ERROR Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@19aaa5] to prepare test instance [io.github.thenilesh.service.impl.FooServiceTest@57f43]
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'io.github.thenilesh.service.impl.FooServiceTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'fooService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'io.github.thenilesh.service.FooService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE]
. . .
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192) [.cp/:?]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'io.github.thenilesh.service.FooService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1493) ~[spring-beans-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar:4.3.13.RELEASE]
... 28 more
2018-02-08T10:58:42,698 INFO Closing org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@173f9fc: startup date [Thu Feb 08 10:58:42 IST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
如果测试类使用 @SpringBootTest 注释,那么它会创建整个应用程序上下文,包括数据库连接和许多不相关的 bean,这显然不需要此单元测试(它不会是 unit 测试然后!)。预期的是,只有 FooService 所依赖的 bean 应该被实例化,除了那些被模拟的,@MockBean。
【问题讨论】:
-
你试过@SpringBootTest(classes=FooServiceImpl.class)吗?
-
您需要上下文这一事实已经使其成为集成测试。如果你想要一个单元测试,只需创建一个存储库的实例,模拟依赖关系并完成。只要你需要一个上下文,它就是一个集成测试。
-
@Justas 您的评论应该是一个答案,以及“在单元测试中对 Spring Boot 组件扫描的解释”
标签: java spring unit-testing spring-boot integration-testing