ipywidgets 下拉小部件：什么是 onchange 事件？

Question

我可以在 ipython 笔记本小部件中为 button.on_click 注册一个处理程序，但我不知道如何为下拉小部件做同样的事情

import ipywidgets as widgets
from IPython.display import display

def on_button_clicked(b):
    print("Button clicked.")

button = widgets.Button(description="Click Me!")
display(button)

button.on_click(on_button_clicked)

但是对于

choose_task = widgets.Dropdown(
    options=['Addition', 'Multiplication', 'Subtraction'],
    value='Addition',
    description='Task:',
)

好像只有一个

on_trait_change(...)

如果我用这个注册一个处理程序，我可以用它来访问小部件的值吗？ 我已经看到了处理程序的示例，并且小部件属于子类，并且处理程序可以使用 self 进行自省。但是如果我不想使用子类，处理程序如何知道事件的目标是哪个小部件？

Answer 1

在this link 和the traitlet docs on github 之间玩玩，我终于想通了：

w = widgets.Dropdown(
    options=['Addition', 'Multiplication', 'Subtraction', 'Division'],
    value='Addition',
    description='Task:',
)

def on_change(change):
    if change['type'] == 'change' and change['name'] == 'value':
        print("changed to %s" % change['new'])

w.observe(on_change)

display(w)

总体而言，这看起来比不推荐使用的接口丰富得多，但它肯定可以使用更多示例。

Answer 2

您可以在observe 中指定更改名称。这使得代码更简洁，并且不会为您不需要的更改调用处理程序：

from IPython.display import display
from ipywidgets import Dropdown

def dropdown_eventhandler(change):
    print(change.new)

option_list = (1, 2, 3)
dropdown = Dropdown(description="Choose one:", options=option_list)
dropdown.observe(dropdown_eventhandler, names='value')
display(dropdown)

Answer 3

把它们放在一起

受先前答案和 lambda 表达式的启发，我使用了这个：

def function(option):
    print(option)


w = widgets.Dropdown(
    options=['None', 'Option 1', 'Option 2', 'Option 3'],
    description='Option:',
    disabled=False
)

w.observe(
    lambda c: plot_content(c['new']) if (c['type'] == 'change' and c['name'] == 'value') else None
)

display(w)

Answer 4

我同意事件处理并不像期望的那样彻底：当您收到多个事件时，我一直在过滤事件，因为索引发生了典型的下拉更改，值发生了变化，即 change['name'] .

我正在做以下事情：

def on_dropdown_change(change):
    if change['name'] == 'value' and (change['new'] != change['old']):
        print('do something with the change')
dropdown =  ipywidgets.Dropdown({options=['one','two','three'],
                                 value='one'})
dropdown.observe(on_dropdown_change)

Answer 5

我相信这个想法是使用 trait name，例如价值。例如：

from ipywidgets import Dropdown

def handle_change():
    print type_sel.value

type_sel = Dropdown(description="Keypoint type", options=['surf', 'orb'])
type_sel.on_trait_change(handle_change, name="value")
display(type_sel)

SciPy 2015 Advanced Jupyter Video Tutorial

Answer 6

我有同样的问题。这也引出了下一个问题，如何根据下拉菜单选择来连接按钮操作。

# Common Imports for Widgets
from __future__ import print_function
from ipywidgets import interact, interactive, fixed, interact_manual
import ipywidgets as widgets

'''
    Precusor:

    <class 'traitlets.utils.bunch.Bunch'>  It is a dictionary-like object containing:

    {'name': 'value', 'old': 'what_ever_the_old_value_was', 'new': 'what_ever_the_new_value_is', 
    'owner': Dropdown(description='the_user_defined_label:', index=1, # I'm not sure what this is
    options=()#list of options passed, 
    value='value_kwarg_value'), 'type': 'change'} # type: action_or_event type

    For more information see:

    https://traitlets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/using_traitlets.html#default-values-and-checking-type-and-value

    or

    https://github.com/jupyter-widgets/tutorial/blob/master/notebooks/08.00-Widget_Events.ipynb

    or a long but well done SciPy talk on the use of widgets @

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaSpqsKaRbo
'''

foo = ['a','b','c'] # List to use

# Function to apply to drop box object
def bar(x):
    '''
        I am intentionally passing what it is made of so you can see the output.
    '''
    print(x,'\n') # Whole object
    print(x.new,'\n') # New value


# Function for the button to select user input and do work
def get_user_selection(a): # A default arg is needed here, I am guessing to pass self
    # Displays the current value of dropbox1 and dropbox two
    display(dropbox1.value,dropbox2.value)


# creation of a widget dropdown object called dropbox1
dropbox1 = widgets.Dropdown(
    options=foo, # Object to iterate over
    description='Letter:', # User defined 
    value=foo[1], # Default value selection
    rows=len(foo), # The number of rows to display when showing the box
    interactive=True, # This makes the box interactive, I believe this is true by default
);

# Drop box of k,v like pairs 
dropbox2 = widgets.Dropdown(
    options=[('One', 1), ('Two', 2), ('Three', 3)],
    value=2,
    description='Number:',
)

# Button to click
select_button = widgets.Button(
    description='Click', # User defined
    disabled=False
)

# Event Handlers
dropbox1.observe(bar,names='value')
dropbox2.observe(bar,names='value')
select_button.on_click(get_user_selection)


# I you need more help with commands try things like:
# interact_manual?
# display(arg.keys,arg.traits)
# print(widgets.widget_type_here.widget_function_or_attr.__doc__)

# Create a UI object to display things.  There are other ways of organizing them.
ui = widgets.HBox([dropbox1,dropbox2,select_button]) # pass an array of widgets to the ui

# display the UI
display(ui)

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